Exam (elaborations)
WKU NURSING MED SURG EXAM #1
- Course
- Institution
WKU NURSING MED SURG EXAM #1
[Show more]
Content preview
WKU NURSINGMED SURG
EXAM #1
What are substances that release hydrogen ions, when dissolved in water or body
fluids, increasing the amount of free hydrogen ions in that solution? - Answers -Acid
How is the strength of an acid measured? - Answers -By how easily it releases a
hydrogen ion in solution
What is the most common type of buffer? - Answers -Protein buffers
What are the extracellular protein buffers? - Answers -Albumin and globulins
What is a major intracellular protein buffer? - Answers -Hemoglobin
What is the second line of defense against changes in pH? - Answers -The respiratory
system
What does breathing do? - Answers -Rids the body of any CO2
Respiratory regulation of Acid-Base balance is under the control of what? - Answers -
Central nervous system
What is hyperventilation? - Answers -Increase in rate and depth of breathing
What is hypoventilation? - Answers -Decrease in rate and depth of breathing
,What happens with hyperventilation? - Answers -CO2 is exhaled from the lungs and the
CO2 level in the ECF decreases. When the arterial CO2 level returns back down to
normal, the rate and depth of breathing returns to levels that are normal
What happens with hypoventilation? - Answers -Less CO2 is lost through lungs, and
more CO2 is retained in arterial blood
The respiratory system's response in Acid-Base balance is...? - Answers -Rapid
What is the third line of defense against wide changes in body fluid pH? - Answers -The
kidneys
The kidneys response in Acid-Base balance is...? - Answers -Slow
What is the first kidney pH control action? - Answers -Kidney movement of bicarbonate
What is the normal pH range? - Answers -7.35-7.45
What are the two most common chemical buffers? - Answers -Bicarbonate (ICF)
Phosphate (ECF)
What are the most common protein buffers? - Answers -Albumin
Globulins
Hemoglobin
What origin, metabolic or respiratory do the lungs compensate for in acid-base
imbalances? - Answers -Metabolic
What is the normal paCO2 levels? - Answers -25-45 mmHg
What is the normal HCO3 levels? - Answers -22-26 mEq/L
What are causes of acidosis? - Answers -DKA
Shock
Sepsis
Renal failure
Diarrhea
Salicylates (aspirin)
What are causes of alkalosis? - Answers -CI depletion (vomiting, prolonged nasogastric
suctioning)
Cushing's syndrome
K+ deficiency
Massive blood transfusions
Ingestion of antacids
, What are symptoms of metabolic acidosis? - Answers -Headache
Decreased BP
Hyperkalemia
Muscle twitching
Warm, flushed skin
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Changes in LOC (confusion, increased drowsiness)
Kussmaul respirations (compensatory hyperventilation)
Think lower torso symptoms
What are the symptoms of metabolic alkalosis? - Answers -Restlessness followed by
lethargy
Dysrhythmias (Tachycardia)
Compensatory hypoventilation
Confusion (Decreased LOC, dizzy, irritable)
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
What binds free hydrogen ions in solution and lowers the amount of free hydrogen ions
in solution? - Answers -Base
What react either as an acid or as a base and are critical in keeping body fluid pH at
normal levels? - Answers -Buffers
What is the most common base in the human body? - Answers -Bicarbonate
What is the most common acid in the human body? - Answers -Carbonic acid
In heath the body keeps these substances at a constant ratio of what? - Answers -1
molecule of carbonic acid to 20 free bicarbonate ions
Hydrogen ion levels and carbon dioxide levels are ______ related? - Answers -Directly
What happens to pH when excess carbon dioxide is produced, causing an increase in
hydrogen ions? - Answers -pH decreases
What organ of the body controls bicarbonate levels? - Answers -The kidneys
What organ of the body controls CO2 levels? - Answers -The lungs
pH is the result of...? - Answers -How well the kidneys are functioning to retain or
eliminate bicarbonate divided by how well the lungs are functioning to eliminate carbon
dioxide
What forms lactic acid? - Answers -incomplete breakdown of glucose, which occurs
whenever cells metabolize under anaerobic conditions
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Greaterheights. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77016 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now