REGIS NU-713 FINAL EXAM
1. Kaplan-Meier Method formula the simplest way of comput-
ing the survival over time in
spite of all these difficulties
associated with subjects or
situations. For each time in-
terval, survival probability is
calculated as the number of
subjects surviving divided b...
1. Kaplan-Meier Method formula the simplest way of comput-
ing the survival over time in
spite of all these difficulties
associated with subjects or
situations. For each time in-
terval, survival probability is
calculated as the number of
subjects surviving divided by
the number of patients at risk
2. Information bias The means for obtaining in-
formation about subjects is
inadequate, and outcomes
are incorrect
3. Surveillance bias May result in erroneous esti-
mates of the relative risk or
odds ratio by paying closer
attention to a monitored pop-
ulation
4. It has been suggested that physicians may surveillance bias
examine women who use oral contracep-
tives more often or more thoroughly than
women who do not. If so, and if an associa-
tion is observed between phlebitis and oral
contraceptive use, the association may be
due to:
5. Bias Any systematic error in the
design, conduct, or analysis
of a study that results in a
mistaken estimate of an ex-
posure's effect on the risk of
disease
6. Selection bias A focus on effects rather than
causes, which can lead to in-
, REGIS NU-713 FINAL EXAM
accurate conclusions about
correlation or causation
7. USPSTF Grade A The USPSTF recommends
the service. There is high
certainty that the net benefit
is substantial. Offer or pro-
vide this service.
8. USPSTF Grade B The USPSTF recommends
the service. There is high
certainty that the net benefit
is moderate or there is mod-
erate certainty that the net
benefit is moderate to sub-
stantial. Offer or provide this
service.
9. USPSTF Grade C The USPSTF recommends
selectively offering or provid-
ing this service to individ-
ual patients based on profes-
sional judgment and patient
preferences. There is at least
moderate certainty that the
net benefit is small. Offer or
provide this service for se-
lected patients depending on
individual circumstances.
10. USPSTF Grade D The USPSTF recommends
against the service. There is
moderate or high certainty
that the service has no net
benefit or that the harms out-
weigh the benefits. Discour-
age the use of this service.
11. USPSTF Grade I The USPSTF concludes that
the current evidence is insuf-
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