Cell Signaling, Cell Cycle and Mitosis, Cancer,
Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction, Genetics| Qs
& As
Genome - ✔✔Complete set of genetic material in an organism
Chromatin - ✔✔Complex of DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes
Sister chromatids - ✔✔Identical copies of a chromosome held together by cohesin
Centromere - ✔✔Region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are held together
Chromosome arm - ✔✔Part of a chromosome from centromere to telomere
Replicated chromosome - ✔✔Chromosome with two identical sister chromatids held together
by cohesin
Unreplicated chromosome - ✔✔Chromosome with a single chromatid that has not undergone
DNA replication
Kinetochore - ✔✔Protein structure on the centromere of a replicated chromosome
Kinetochore microtubule - ✔✔Spindle fiber that attaches to the kinetochore on a
replicated chromosome
Non-kinetochore microtubule - ✔✔Spindle fiber that helps elongate the cell during cell division
Centrosome - ✔✔Organelle that organizes the mitotic spindle
, Mitotic spindle - ✔✔Structure that separates replicated chromosomes during cell division
Metaphase plate - ✔✔Imaginary plane where replicated chromosomes line up during metaphase
Chromatin vs. condensed chromosomes - ✔✔Chromatin is complex DNA and proteins
during interphase, chromosomes are condensed during mitosis
DNA replication - ✔✔Happens during S phase, produces replicated chromosomes
Eukaryotic cell cycle - ✔✔Interphase and mitotic phase
Interphase - ✔✔G1, S, and G2 stages of the cell cycle
Mitotic phase - ✔✔Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase stages of cell division
Cytokinesis - ✔✔Division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells
Cytokinesis in animal cells - ✔✔Starts at the center and moves towards the cell wall
Cytokinesis in plant cells - ✔✔Starts at the cell wall and moves towards the center
Cell cycle control system - ✔✔Regulatory proteins that control progression through the cell cycle
G0 phase - ✔✔Resting phase when cells exit the cell cycle
Cyclins - ✔✔Regulatory proteins that activate cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks)
Maturation promoting factor (MPF) - ✔✔Protein complex that promotes entrance into mitosis
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