Med-Surg) Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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• Blood-borne infection spread through sexual contact, sharing of needles,
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and vertically through breastmilk/pregnancy
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• Used to be spread through blood transfusions but blood is now tested for
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HIV
• After needle-stick injuries or high-risk exposure, post-exposure
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prophylaxis is very effective at preventing HIV (anti-retroviral drug
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cocktail)
• Those with other sexually transmitted diseases are at high risk for HIV
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due to traumatized tissue, including chlamydia, syphilis, herpes,
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gonorrhea
• HIV testing is antibody testing and can cause false negatives for up to
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three months. Testing should be repeated in 3 months
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• HIV-infected persons, who live near one another, such as in
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correctional facilities, must be carefully screened and deemed
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noninfectious before admission to such settings. A person with HIV is
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more susceptible to opportunistic infections, the most common of
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which is TB. _’- _’-
Chlamydia/gonorrhea
• Bacterial, spread through sexual contact_’- _’- _’- _’-
• Treated with antibiotics _’- _’-
• All sexual contact should stop until treatment completed
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• All sex partners for last 60 days should be contacted, tested and treated
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• Can be asymptomatic
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• Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to infertility,
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endometriosis, pelvic adhesions and death if not treated _’- _’- _’- _’- _’- _’- _’-
Syphilis
• Begins as a painless sore or chancre (primary)
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• Moves into lymph system and causes flu like symptoms (secondary)
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, • Positive serology- second stage _’- _’- _’-
• If not treated with antibiotics in primary or secondary stages, can
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become latent and reactivate later in life causing severe damage to
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many areas of the body (tertiary). It is no longer curable in this stage.
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Herpes simplex/ Genital Herpes
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The disease may be spread during outbreaks. It is possible to spread the
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infection with viral shedding between outbreaks. Herpes is a lifelong
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condition. There is no cure. The condition’s treatment can include the
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administration of antiviral medication. Antibiotics are not typically indicated
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unless a secondary bacterial infection develops. Proper hand hygiene is
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important to prevent both further spreading of the virus and introduction of
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bacteria to the affected area
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• Always contagious _’-
• Not limited to genital area
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• Starts as blisters around the genitals (or where contact occurred)
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• Blisters ulcerate and last for several weeks
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• Virus moves into the nerve and reactivates repeatedly
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