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Summary THE INTERACTION BETWEEN GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS AND HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS.
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  • Course
  • Petroleum engineering
  • Institution
  • University Of The People

he interaction between groundwater systems and hydrocarbon reservoirs is a dynamic and complex process that requires an integrated understanding of both hydrogeology and petroleum geology. Effective management of these interactions is essential for optimizing hydrocarbon recovery, protecting ground...

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  • September 3, 2024
  • 40
  • 2024/2025
  • Summary

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  • University Of The People
  • Petroleum engineering

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THE INTERACTION BETWEEN GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS AND HYDROCARBON
RESERVOIRS.


Table of Contents
1. Overview of Groundwater Systems and Hydrocarbon Reservoirs ......................................... 5

1.1. Groundwater Systems ...................................................................................................... 5

1.1.1. Basics of Groundwater .............................................................................................. 5

1.1.2. Groundwater Flow .................................................................................................... 6

1.2. Hydrocarbon Reservoirs ................................................................................................... 6

1.2.1. Formation of Hydrocarbons ...................................................................................... 6

1.2.2. Reservoir Characteristics .......................................................................................... 7

2. Interaction Between Groundwater and Hydrocarbon Reservoirs ........................................... 9

2.1. Hydrological Influence on Hydrocarbon Migration......................................................... 9

2.1.1. Role of Groundwater Flow ....................................................................................... 9

2.1.2. Aquifer Properties ................................................................................................... 10

2.2. Effects of Hydrocarbon Extraction on Groundwater ..................................................... 10

2.2.1. Alteration of Groundwater Flow Patterns ............................................................... 10

2.2.2. Potential for Contamination .................................................................................... 11

2.3. Sustainable Practices and Mitigation Strategies............................................................. 12

2.3.1. Groundwater Monitoring ........................................................................................ 12
1|Page

, 2.3.2. Advanced Drilling Techniques ............................................................................... 12

2.3.3. Produced Water Management ................................................................................. 13

2.3.4. Regulatory Compliance .......................................................................................... 13

2.3.5. Public and Stakeholder Engagement ...................................................................... 13

3. Sustainable Petroleum Extraction ......................................................................................... 14

3.1. Technological Advances ................................................................................................ 14

3.1.1. Innovations in Drilling Techniques ........................................................................ 14

3.1.2. Use of Geophysical Methods .................................................................................. 15

3.1.3. Best Practices .......................................................................................................... 16

4. Environmental Impacts of Drilling ....................................................................................... 19

4.1. Groundwater Contamination .......................................................................................... 19

4.1.1. Sources of Contamination ....................................................................................... 19

4.2. Ecosystem Disruption .................................................................................................... 25

4.2.1. Surface Water Contamination: ................................................................................ 26

4.2.2. Habitat Destruction: ................................................................................................ 26

4.2.3. Noise and Light Pollution: ...................................................................................... 26

4.2.4. Air Pollution: .......................................................................................................... 26

4.3. Mitigation Strategies to Protect Natural Habitats .......................................................... 27


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, 4.3.1. Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs): .......................................................... 27

4.3.2. Best Management Practices (BMPs): ..................................................................... 27

4.3.3. Habitat Restoration: ................................................................................................ 27

4.3.4. Buffer Zones: .......................................................................................................... 27

4.4. Regulatory Framework ................................................................................................... 27

4.4.1. Examples of Regulations Governing Drilling Activities and Groundwater
Protection from all around the world. ................................................................................... 28

4.4.2. Importance of Compliance and Continuous Monitoring ........................................ 32

5. Water Management in Oil and Gas Fields ............................................................................ 34

5.1. Produced Water Handling .............................................................................................. 34

5.1.1. Physical Treatment: ................................................................................................ 34

5.1.2. Chemical Treatment: ............................................................................................... 34

5.1.3. Biological Treatment: ............................................................................................. 35

5.1.4. Desalination and Advanced Purification Technologies: ......................................... 35

5.1.5. Disposal Methods: .................................................................................................. 36

5.2. Water Use in Hydraulic Fracturing ................................................................................ 36

5.2.1. Quantifying Water Needs for Fracking Operations ................................................ 36

5.2.2. Techniques for Minimizing Freshwater Use and Maximizing Efficiency.............. 37

5.2.3. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) ............................................... 38
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, 6. Summary: .............................................................................................................................. 40




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