Exam (elaborations)

EMS 1055 Final Exam Study Guide with Questions and Correct Answers

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Course
EMS 1055

Institution
EMS 1055

How to read blood pressure Top number: systolic pressure (heart's ventricles contract) Bottom number: diastolic pressure (heart's ventricles are relaxed) Carotid pulse the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck. Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic Femoral pulse Pu...

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ems 1055 final exam study guide with questions and
how to read blood pressure top number systolic p
carotid pulse the pulse felt along the large caro

Institution EMS 1055
Course EMS 1055

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EMS 1055 Final Exam Study Guide with
Questions and Correct Answers
How to read blood pressure ✅Top number: systolic pressure (heart's ventricles
contract)
Bottom number: diastolic pressure (heart's ventricles are relaxed)

Carotid pulse ✅the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck.
Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic

Femoral pulse ✅Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. Blood pressure
is at least 70 systolic.

Brachial pulse ✅the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)

Radial pulse ✅the pulse felt at the wrist. Blood pressure is at least 80 systolic.

Pedal pulse ✅The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. Blood pressure is at least
90-100 systolic

Types of shock ✅cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, hypovelimic,
obstructive(mechanical), insulin (pseudo)

Shock ✅lack of perfusion at the cellular level

General signs and symptoms of shock ✅-skin:pale, cool, diaphoretic
-anxiety
-impending doom
-altered LOC
-dilated pupils
-sustained tachycardia
-tachypnea
-decreased urine output
-thirst
-delayed capillary refill

General treatment in shock ✅-high flow oxygen
-trendelenberg position
-keep warm
-load and go transport

Cardiogenic shock ✅-most commingly caused by AMI
-other causes: Myocarditis, myocardial contusion

,-"pump problem"
-decreased CO leads to hyperfusion
-heart begins to fail

Cardiogenic shock treatment ✅-standard shock treatment applies
-patient may not tolerate supine or trendelenberg position
-transport to cardiac facility critical

Neurogenic shock ✅Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control
the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal
cord injuries.
-caused by-
-spinal cord injury above T6
-spinal anesthesia
-vasomotor center depression
-may take hours to appear
*symptoms*
-skin warm and dry
-bradycardia
-poikilothermia

Septic shock ✅Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
-distributive type of shock
-due to infection that becomes systemic
-very common in icu setting
-patients often febrile
-antibiotics are needed to treat infection
-more gradual onset starting with SIRS

Hypovolemic shock ✅shock resulting from blood or fluid loss

Obstructive shock ✅Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart
or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues.
-tension pneumothorax
-pericardial tamponade

Anaphylactic shock ✅-distributive shock
-severe allergic reaction
-onset is quick
-most deaths from people with NKA and no epi pen
-uticaria, wheezes, pruritus
-use epi pen

Insulin shock ✅the result of too much insulin which causes a dangerous drop in blood
glucose.

, -looks similar to shock
-skin cool pale and diaphoretic
-altered mentation
-seizures can occur
-administer oral glucose
-patient must eat afterwards

Beck's Triad ✅-hypotension (narrow pulse pressure)
-neck veins distended
-heart sounds muffled
-paradoxical pulse
-breath sounds equal

Basilar skull fracture ✅fracture at the base of the skull
-raccoon eyes
-battle signs
-takes a while to show up

OPA (oropharyngeal airway) ✅Oral airway
Used to maintain or open a patient's airway. It does this by preventing the tongue from
covering the epiglottis.
*used in patients with no gag reflex
*measure from the edge of the mouth to the angle of the jaw to determine the correct
size .
*insert with the tip pointing to the top of the head then rotate 180 degrees until position

NPA (nasal trumpet) ✅-can use on patients with a gag reflex
-patients who are snoring or have ETOH are common
-measure from the nare to the tip of the earlobe
-use surgical lube to help with insertion
- right nare is usually largest

How to open airway ✅head tilt chin lift
-*do not perform on suspected c-spine injury
Jaw thrust maneuver
- *use if you suspect a neck injury and tilt head to slight sniffing position or neutral
position. Use thumbs to pull down lower jaw.

KED ✅Kendrick Extrication Device

-used to extricate patients in a sitting position when spinal injury is suspected
-do NOT use when patient is unstable-straps need to be applied in specific order:
Middle (yellow), Bottom (red), leg straps, headstraps, top (green)
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