NUR 145 Module B- Cellular Integrity
Review Questions and Correct Answers
Discuss basic anatomy and physiology of blood, bone marrow and blood cells ✅-
blood: produced in bone marrow, liver, spleen (hematopoiesis)/made of plasma, cells,
albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, electrolytes, waste products and nutrients
-bone marrow: within are stem cells which differentiate into myeloid/lymphoid cells
-blood cells: wbc (leukocyte), neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte,t
lymphocyte, b lymphocyte, plasma cell, rbc (erythrocyte), platelet (thrombocyte)
Hematopoesis ✅blood cell formation
Where does hematopoiesis take place? ✅-bone marrow
Extramedullary hematopoiesis:
-spleen
-liver
Stem cells ✅unspecialized, primative cells that retain the ability to differentiate into a
wide variety of specialized cells
Erythropoietin ✅hormone produced in kidney needed for formation of rbcs in marrow
Wbc (leukocyte) ✅fights infection
Neutrophil ✅prevents/limits bacterial infection through phagocytosis
Monocyte ✅enters tissue as macrophage; turns into macrophage
-immune surveillance
-phagocytic, especially against fungus
Eosinophi ✅involved in allergic reactions (neutralizes histamine)
-digests foreign proteins
T lymphocyte ✅responsible for cell mediated immunity
-recognizes foreign material
B lymphocyte ✅responsible for humoral immunity
-form into plasma cells to make antibodies
, Plasma cell ✅secretes immunoglobulin (antibody)
Rbc (erythrocyte) ✅carries hgb to provide o2 to tissues
*with deffective production, there will be fatigue and pallor
Platelet (thrombocyte) ✅provide basis for coagulation to occur
-maintains homeostasis
Eosinophils ✅fights parasites/allergies
Complete blood count (cbc) ✅identifies the total number of blood cells (leukocytes,
erythrocytes, platelets, hgb, hct, rbc)
Bone marrow aspiration biopsy ✅done when info is needed to assess how a pts blood
cells are being formed and to assess the quantity and quality of each cell produced in
the marrow
-from iliac crest
-painful
-complications: bleeding & infection
Apply pressure for 5-7 mins
5 substances that the bone marrow requires for normal erythrocyte production ✅-iron
-folate
-b12
-b6
-protein
*erythropoeitin*
Signs and symptoms of anemia ✅*pallor
*fatigue/dizziness
*tachycardia
*dyspnea
Types of anemia ✅-hypoproliferative
-hemolytic
-bleeding
Hypoproliferative anemia ✅results from defective/ decreased rbc production in marrow
*fatigue & pallor
Review Questions and Correct Answers
Discuss basic anatomy and physiology of blood, bone marrow and blood cells ✅-
blood: produced in bone marrow, liver, spleen (hematopoiesis)/made of plasma, cells,
albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, electrolytes, waste products and nutrients
-bone marrow: within are stem cells which differentiate into myeloid/lymphoid cells
-blood cells: wbc (leukocyte), neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte,t
lymphocyte, b lymphocyte, plasma cell, rbc (erythrocyte), platelet (thrombocyte)
Hematopoesis ✅blood cell formation
Where does hematopoiesis take place? ✅-bone marrow
Extramedullary hematopoiesis:
-spleen
-liver
Stem cells ✅unspecialized, primative cells that retain the ability to differentiate into a
wide variety of specialized cells
Erythropoietin ✅hormone produced in kidney needed for formation of rbcs in marrow
Wbc (leukocyte) ✅fights infection
Neutrophil ✅prevents/limits bacterial infection through phagocytosis
Monocyte ✅enters tissue as macrophage; turns into macrophage
-immune surveillance
-phagocytic, especially against fungus
Eosinophi ✅involved in allergic reactions (neutralizes histamine)
-digests foreign proteins
T lymphocyte ✅responsible for cell mediated immunity
-recognizes foreign material
B lymphocyte ✅responsible for humoral immunity
-form into plasma cells to make antibodies
, Plasma cell ✅secretes immunoglobulin (antibody)
Rbc (erythrocyte) ✅carries hgb to provide o2 to tissues
*with deffective production, there will be fatigue and pallor
Platelet (thrombocyte) ✅provide basis for coagulation to occur
-maintains homeostasis
Eosinophils ✅fights parasites/allergies
Complete blood count (cbc) ✅identifies the total number of blood cells (leukocytes,
erythrocytes, platelets, hgb, hct, rbc)
Bone marrow aspiration biopsy ✅done when info is needed to assess how a pts blood
cells are being formed and to assess the quantity and quality of each cell produced in
the marrow
-from iliac crest
-painful
-complications: bleeding & infection
Apply pressure for 5-7 mins
5 substances that the bone marrow requires for normal erythrocyte production ✅-iron
-folate
-b12
-b6
-protein
*erythropoeitin*
Signs and symptoms of anemia ✅*pallor
*fatigue/dizziness
*tachycardia
*dyspnea
Types of anemia ✅-hypoproliferative
-hemolytic
-bleeding
Hypoproliferative anemia ✅results from defective/ decreased rbc production in marrow
*fatigue & pallor
