Exam (elaborations)
NCC EFM EXAM BREAKDOWN & STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NCC EFM EXAM BREAKDOWN & STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NCC EFM EXAM BREAKDOWN & STUDYGUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
ContentFonFexamF-FANSWERF-PatternFrecognitionF&Fintervention:F70%
-Physiology:F11%
-FetalFassessmentFmethods:F9%
-EFMFequipment:F5%
-ProfessionalFissues:F5%
PatternFrecognitionF&FinterventionF-FANSWERF-FHRFbaselineF✓
-FHRFvariabilityF✓
-FHRFaccelerationsF✓
-FHRFdecelerationsF✓
-NormalFuterineFactivityF✓
-AbnormalFuterineFactivityF✓
-FetalFdysrhythmiasF✓
-MaternalFcomplicationsF✓
-UteroplacentalFcomplicationsF✓
-FetalFcomplicationsF✓
FHRFDescriptorsF-FANSWERF1)FBaseline
2)FVariability
3)FPresenceFofFaccels
4)FPresenceFofFdecels
5)FChangesFinFtrendsFovertime
FHRFBaselineF-FANSWERFAverageFFHRFroundedFtoFnearestF5FduringFaF10FminFwindow
,-110FtoF160
-excludesFaccels,Fdecels,F&FmarkedFvariability
-mustFhaveF2FminsFtoFidentifyFasFaFbaselineF(doesn'tFneedFtoFbeFcontinuous)
FetalFBradycardiaF-FANSWERF<110FforF≥10Fmin
-
Causes:FhypotensionF(ex:FafterFepi),FcordFprolapse,FheadFcompression,FcongenitalFdefect,FrapidFdescent,Fa
bruptionForFrupture,Ftachysystole,FpostFdates,Fhypoglycemia,FlupusF(heartFblock)
-
WithF↓FO2,FbloodFwillFbeFshuntedFtoFbrain,Fheart,F&Fadrenals,FeventuallyF↓FFHRFtoF↓FO2FdemandsFofFhea
rtFmuscle
-VerifyFnotFmom'sFHR,FvaginalFexamF(r/oFprolapse),Fresuscitate,FevaluateFarrhythmia,FexpediteFdelivery
FetalFTachycardiaF-FANSWERF>160FforF≥10Fmin
-
Causes:FfetalFanemia,FmaternalFfeverForFinfection,FfetalFimmaturityF(preterm),FSVT,FmaternalFanxietyF(catec
holamines),Fdehydration,Fhyperthyroid,Fhypoxia
-MedFcauses:Fterbutaline,FcatecholaminesF(epinephrine,Fnorepi)
-AssessFmom'sFtempF&FinfectionFriskF(GBS,FPROM)
FHRFVariabilityF-FANSWERFIrregularFinFamplitudeF&Ffrequency,FquantifiedFbyFpeakFtoFtrough
-CausedFbyFsympatheticFvsFparasympathetic,Fr/tFneuroFmaturity
-LessFinFpretermFdueFtoFundevelopedFCNS
-Absent:Fundetectable,Fflat
-Minimal:F≤5FbpmFbutFdetectable
-Moderate:F6-25Fbpm
-Marked:F>25FbpmF(indeterminateFbaseline),FsignificanceFunknown
MinimalFvariabilityF-FANSWERF≤5FbpmFbutFdetectable
Sleep,Fsedated,ForFsick
-SleepFcycle:F20-60Fmins
, -Sedated:FCNSFdepressantF(ex:Fmag),F1-2Fhrs
-SickF(acidemia):FunresolvedFwFintervention
-Priority:FmaximizeFoxygenationF(position,Fbolus,FO2FifFneeded)
ModerateFvariabilityF-FANSWERF6FtoF25Fbpm
-ReliablyFpredictsFtheFabsenceFofFmetabolicFacidosisF(evenFwFdecels)
FHRFAccelerationsF-
FANSWERFReliablyFpredictsFabsenceFofFmetabolicFacidemiaF(spontaneousForFstimulated)
-OnsetFtoFpeakFinF<30Fsec
-ForF≥32Fwks:F15x15F(peakF≥15FbpmFaboveFbaselineFlastingF≥15Fsec)
-ForF<32Fwks:F10x10
-ProlongedFaccel:F2-9FminsF(atF10FbecomesFchangeFofFbaseline)
EarlyFdecelerationF-
FANSWERFNadirFalignsFwFcontractionFpeak,FgradualFonsetF(≥30FsecsFtoFnadir),FbenignFvagalFresponse
1)FPressureFonFfetalFhead
2)FIncreasedFintracranialFpressure
3)FAlterationFinFcerebralFbloodFflow
4)FCentralFvagalFstimulation
5)FFHRFdeceleration
PeriodicFvsFEpisodicF-FANSWERFPeriodic:FcausedFbyFcontractions
-recurrent:FoccursFwF≥50%FofFcontractionsFinF20Fmin
-intermittent:FwF<50%FofFcontractionsFinF20Fmins
Episodic:Fspontaneous
VariableFdecelerationF-FANSWERFCausedFbyFcordFcompression
-Interventions:FpositionFchange,Famnioinfusion
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