,CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF NURSING AND NURSING EDUCATION
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MULTIPLE CHOICE x
1. The nurse realizes that the primary focus of nursing is on the:
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a. illness. c. treatment of the illness. x x x
b. cause of the illness. x d. client’s response to the illness.
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ANS: D x
Nursing requires a delicate balance of promoting clients’ independence and dependence. Nursing
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focuses not on illness but rather on the client’s response to illness. The practice of physicians or
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medicine focuses on the cause of the illness and the treatment of the illness.
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PTS: x x 1 DIF: Analysis REF: x x Introduction
2. While studying the history of nursing, the nurse realizes that the first hospital in the West was
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established by:
x x
a. Fabiola. c. Florence Nightingale. x
b. Hygiea. d. Dorothea Dix. x x x
ANS: A x
Fabiola founded the first hospital in 390 AD. Hygiea was the goddess of health according to the
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ancient Greeks. Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing, and she lived
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from 1820 to 1910. Dorothea Dix practiced nursing during the Civil War.
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PTS: x x 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Table 1-1| Evolution of Nursing
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3. The nurse realizes that religion affected the development of nursing which began:
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a. in India around 800-600 BC.
x xc. during the Middle Ages. x x x x x
b. during the Roman Empire. x d. at the time of the Renaissance.
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ANS: A x
The strong influence of religions on the development of nursing started in India between 800 to
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600 BC. The crusades of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance occurred after 600 BC. There is no
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documentation of religious influences on the development of nursing during the Roman Empire.
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PTS: x x 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Religious Influences x x x
4. Reflecting on the impact of wars on the evolution of nursing, the nurse realizes that:
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a. the need for nurses increased during and after major wars.
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b. poor conditions during wars caused a decline in nursing care.
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c. wars have been the stimulus for most nursing advances.
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d. wars have had little effect on the evolution of nursing.
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ANS: A x
During wartime, the need for nurses increases dramatically, both at home and in the field. Poor
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conditions during wars did not cause a decline in nursing care. Wars may or may not have been the
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stimulus for nursing advances; however, wars have effected the evolution of nursing care.
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PTS: x x 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Demands of War x x x x
5. The nurse realizes that which of the following is a belief that Florence Nightingale had about
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nursing education?
x x
a. Basing education on a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health
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, b. Needing a practical basis for nursing practice x x x x x x
c. Creating an environment that serves physicians is most important
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d. Basing the nursing curriculum on medical knowledge x x x x x x
ANS: A x
Florence Nightingale had specific beliefs about nursing education. The first is that it is based upon
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a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health. Nightingale also believed that there is a need
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for a theoretical basis for nursing practice and not a practical basis. She also believed in the
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importance of creating an environment that promotes healing and not an environment that served
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physicians. One additional belief was that the nursing curriculum should be based upon nursing
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knowledge and not medical knowledge.
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PTS: x x 1 DIF: Analysis REF: x Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910) x x x x
6. The nurse realizes that the Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas’s Hospital in
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London was:
x x
a. the first school of nursing in the West.
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b. the first nursing school to provide both theory-based knowledge and clinical skill building.
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c. the first school of nursing to accept women.
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d. established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War. x x x x x x x x x
ANS: B x
The Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas’s Hospital in London was the first
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school for nurses that provided both theory-based knowledge and clinical skills. This was not the
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first school of nursing in the West nor the first school of nursing to accept women. This school
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was not established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War.
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PTS: x x 1 DIF: Analysis REF: x Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910) x x x x
7. The nurse, considering home care nursing, realizes that Lillian Wald is noted as being:
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a. the first nurse to graduate from a school of nursing in the United States.
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b. Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War. x x x x x x
c. the first community health nurse.
x x x x
d. the founder of the American Nurses Association.
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ANS: C x
Lillian Wald spent her life providing nursing care to the indigent and, in 1893, as the first
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community health nurse, she founded public health nursing with the establishment of the Henry
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Street Settlement Service. Wald was not the first nurse to graduate from a school of nursing in the
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United States nor was she the Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War. She was not the
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founder of the American Nurses Association.
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PTS: x x 1 DIF: Analysis REF: x Nursing Pioneers and Leaders: Lillian Wald x x x x x
8. The nurse, giving direction to a nursing assistant for client care, realizes that which of the
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following nurse leaders opposed the movement to put untrained nursing aides under the control
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of physicians during World War I?
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a. Clara Barton xc. Annie Goodrich x
b. Isabel Hampton Robb xd. Jane Delano x x x x
ANS: D x
During World War I, Delano was opposed to the aide education plan created by physicians who
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wanted the Red Cross to put untrained nursing aides at their sides to assist with war casualties.
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Annie Goodrich was in favor of the physicians’ aide education plan. Robb was a supporter of the
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rights of nursing students. Clara Barton was a nurse during the Civil War.
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
, PTS: x x 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
x x x x x
9. The nurse, assisting nursing students with providing client care, realizes that Isabel Hampton Robb
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is noted for which of the following?
x x x x x x x
a. Opposing the organization of nurses x x x x
b. Establishing the American Red Cross x x x x
c. Believing that the nursing student was a learner, not an employee
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d. Establishing the Frontier Nursing Service x x x x
ANS: C x
Isabel Hampton Robb was an early supporter of the rights of nursing students and emphasized the
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xrole of the nursing student as a learner instead of an employee. Robb did not oppose the
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xorganization of nurses since she founded several nursing organizations. Robb did not establish the
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xAmerican Red Cross nor did she establish the Frontier Nursing Service.
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PTS: x x 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
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10. While researching a client health care issue, the nurse realizes that the nurse who wrote one of the
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first nursing textbooks was:
x x x x
a. Lavinia Dock. x
b. Mary Breckinridge. x
c. Martha Franklin. x
d. Amelia Greenwald. x
ANS: A x
Lavinia Dock was an influential leader in American nursing education; she wrote one of the first
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nursing textbooks as well as being the first editor of the American Journal of Nursing. Mary
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Breckinridge created the Frontier Nursing Service. Martha Franklin advocated for racial equality in
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nursing. Amelia Greenwald was a catalyst for international public health nursing.
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PTS: x x 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
x x x x x
11. While documenting in a client’s record, the nurse remembers that the nurse leader who introduced
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the practice of keeping nurses’ notes was:
x x x x x x x
a. Mamie Hale. c. Harriet Neuton Phillips.
x x x
b. Mary Mahoney. x d. Linda Richards. x x x
ANS: D x
Linda Richards introduced the practice of keeping nurses’ notes and physicians’ orders as part of
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medical records. Mamie Hale upgraded the educational programs for midwives. Mary Mahoney
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was America’s first African American professional nurse. Harriet Neuton Phillips was the first
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American nurse to receive a training certificate.
x x x x x x x
PTS: x x 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
x x x x x
12. While reviewing a client’s health insurance plan, the nurse remembers that the first prepaid
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medical plan was started in:
x x x x x
a. Pacific Northwest lumber and mining camps. x x x x x
b. Chicago.
c. New York City. x x
d. Washington DC. x
ANS: A
x x
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