MCN 552 Exam 2 Powerpoints with correct answers 2024
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Course
MCN 552 ExPowe
Institution
MCN 552 ExPowe
Anemias are conditions caused by various disorders of correct answers RBC count
Quality of hemoglobin
Volume of packed RBC
Anemias are classified according to the following RBC size correct answers Microcytic
Normocytic
Macrocytic
Microcytic/Hypochromic (children) correct answers IDA
...
Caused by decreased iron intake/increased need/slow GI blood loss correct answers
Iron Deficiency Anemia
In infancy, IDA is due to? correct answers Inadequate intake of iron
Micro hemorrhage from gut
In toddlers, IDA due to? correct answers Increased whole milk intake and decreased
solid food
In adolescence, IDA due to? correct answers Dieting practices
Easy fatigue
Palpitations, SOB with exertion
Lethargy
HA, pica, delayed motor development
pale, dry skin & mucous membranes
tachycardia, tachypnea
postural hypotension in severe cases
Brittle hair
Flat, brittle or spoon shaped nails. correct answers IDA
,H&H low
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) low
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) low
RBC low
Increased red cell width (RDW)
Total iron binding capacity increased correct answers IDA
Serum ferritin < 30ug/L
Low serum iron
Retic count low decreased with inadequate iron intake yet elevated in cases of blood
loss
Target Cells correct answers IDA
Group of hereditary disorders.
Due to abnormal synthesis of alpha and beta globin chains.
Microcytosis is out of proportion to degree of anemia correct answers Thalassemia
Second most common microcytic anemia.
Autosomal, recessive genetic disorder. correct answers Thalassemia
More common in African American, Chinese, Vietnamese, Cambodians correct
answers Alpha thalassemia
More common in Mediterranean, Middle East India, and Southeast Asia correct
answers Beta Thalassemia
One of the 4 alpha genes affected
Usually asymptomatic correct answers Alpha trait
2 of the 4 alpha genes affected correct answers Alpha-thalassemia minor
Heterozygous form: mild
Usually asymptomatic correct answers Beta thalassemia minor
Both beta genes affected
Easy fatiueability
Palpitations, SOB on exertion
Headaches correct answers Beta-thalassemia major (Cooley's anemia)
3 of the 4 alpha genes affected
Symptoms similar to those with beta thalassemia major correct answers Hgb H disease
Physical exam usually WNL except with severe disease: Pale or bronze skin,
tachycardia, tachypnea, hepatosplenomegaly, bone deformity of the face correct
answers Thalassemia
, HCT between 28-40%
Low MCV (60-76 ug/mL)
Retic count normal
iron parameters normal
Usually a diagnosis of exclusion correct answers Alpha thalassemia trait
Decreased HgB
Low MCV (microcytic)
Low MCHC (hypochromic): reduction of red cell hgb
Normal TIBC (total iron binding capacity)
Normal Ferritin
Decreased alpha or beta chains found on Hgb electrophoresis
Blood Smear: Poikilocytosis; Target Cells correct answers Alpha thalassemia trait
Hct between 28-40%
MCV 55-75 ug/mL
Retic count normal or slightly increased
Iron parameter normal
Hbg Electrophoresis: increased Hgb A2 to 4-8%, occasionally increased Hgb F to 1-5%
correct answers Alpha thalassemia minor and Beta thalassemia minor
Hct may fall to <10%
MCV <75ug/mL
Peripheral blood smear shows: poikilocytosis, hypochromia (9 presence of various
shaped red blood cells), basophillic stippling, nucleated RBC
Virtually no HgbA present
Major Hgb present is Hgb F correct answers Beta thalassemia major
Abnormal Hgb due to DNA point mutation
Leads to chronic hemolytic anemia
Results in a variety of severe clinical consequences.
Peak incidence of infection between ages 1-3. correct answers Sickle Cell anemia
Autosomal recessive (hgb S develops instead of Hgb A)
Patient homozygous for Hgb S (hgb SS) correct answers Sickle Cell anemia
Most prevalent in African or African Americans:
Hgb S gene is carried in 8%, incidence is 1:400
Heterozygous genotype (Hgb AS) usually carriers correct answers Sickle Cell anemia
Usually no symptoms.
May experience acute painful symptoms with exertion at high altitudes or significant
hypoxia correct answers Sickle Cell Trait (Hgb AS)
Sudden excruciating pain (vaso-occlusive crisis in back, chest, abdomen, long bones).
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