ASWB Masters Exam Questions with
100% Correct Answers | Latest Update
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development - -Theory of how humans
acquire knowledge; through interacting with their environment and people
in it. Four stages:
1. Sensorimotor
2. Pre-operational
3. Concrete operational
4. F...
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development -✔✔ -Theory of how humans
acquire knowledge; through interacting with their environment and people
in it. Four stages:
1. Sensorimotor
2. Pre-operational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal Operational
Sensorimotor Stage -✔✔ 0-2 years of age
-learning Object Permanence
-exploring world through own movements and sensations
-learning that their actions cause things to happen in the world
Pre-Operational -✔✔ -2-7 years old
-magical thinking
-assimiliation-bring new information into existing schemas
-egocentric
,-concrete thinking
Concrete Operational -✔✔ -7-11 years old
-Accomodation-new information causes modification of schema to
incorporate new info
-rules of logic are developed
-beginning of abstract thought
Formal Operations -✔✔ -11 to maturity
-Abstract thinking
-thinks hypothetically
-assumes adult roles and responsibilities
Erickson's Stages of Development -✔✔ Theory of socialization
development
Personality develops across the lifespan
Identity crises are the focal point of each stage
8-stages
Trust vs. Mistrust -✔✔ 1-2 years old
-we learn that if we can trust now, we can experience others in the future
-if we experience fear, we develop doubt and mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame -✔✔ 2-4 years old
,-we discover ourselves and ask, "is it OK to be me?"
-if 'yes' we develop self confidence
-if 'no' we develop shame and doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt -✔✔ 4-5 years old (preschool)
-we ask, "is it ok for me to do what I'm doing?"
-if 'yes' we learn to follow our interests
-if 'no' we are held back or told what we do is silly and we develop guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority -✔✔ 5-12 years old
-discover our own interest and realize we are different from others
-want to show we can do things right
-if we receive recognition, we develop industry
-if we get too much negative feedback, we feel inferior and become
unmotivated
Identity vs. Role-Confusion -✔✔ 13-19 years old
-we learn we have different social roles
-if our parents allow us to go out and explore we develop an identity
-if they push us to conform, we'll experience role confusion and feel lost
Intimacy vs. Isolation -✔✔ 20-40 years old
, -we start to understand who we are; we start to let go of the relationships
we built earlier in life to fit in
-we ask ourselves if we can love
-if we make long term commitments, we are confidant and happy
-if we can't form intimate relationships, we end up feeling isolated
Generativity vs. Stagnation -✔✔ 40-65 years old
-we become more comfortable; maybe contributing to society
-if we feel like we can lead the next generation into the world we feel happy
-if we don't resolve some earlier conflicts, we become pessimistic and
experience stagnation
Ego-Integrity vs. Despair -✔✔ 65-death
-"how have I done?"
-'good', we develop ego integrity
-'not good', we develop despair
Freud's Psychosexual Stages -✔✔ tension between conflict and pleasure
-when fixation occurs it can have a life long effect
-5 stages
-Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Oral Stage -✔✔ -mouth fixation
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