What are the organs of the urinary system?
- kidney
- bladder
- ureters
- urethra
What is the function of the kidneys?
to filter blood and produce urine, regulates volume and electrolytic composition of body fluids
What are the organs of the urinary system? - ANSWER- - kidney
- bladder
- ureters
- urethra
What is the function of the kidneys? - ANSWER- to filter blood and produce urine,
regulates volume and electrolytic composition of body fluids
What is the function of the bladder? - ANSWER- to store urine and micturition
What is the function of the ureters? - ANSWER- to carry urine from the kidneys to
the bladder
What is the function of the urethra? - ANSWER- to convey urine from the bladder
out of the body
micturition - ANSWER- act of passing urine
Draw the basic structure of the kidney. - ANSWER- should identify the following
structures:
- cortex
- medulla
- renal pyramids
- calyces
- renal pelvis
cortex - ANSWER- outer region of the kidney
medulla - ANSWER- inner region of the kidney
,renal pyramids - ANSWER- 8-10 striated, cone shaped structures in each kidney -
parallel bundles of urine collecting tubules
minor calyx - ANSWER- collect urine from each renal pyramid
major calyx - ANSWER- merging of multiple minor calyces
renal pelvis - ANSWER- funnel shaped region that collects urine from all major
calyces
What structure in the kidney becomes the ureter? - ANSWER- renal pelvis
nephron - ANSWER- functional unit of the kidney in the renal pyramids
What are the two main components of the nephron? - ANSWER- - glomerulus
- tubule
glomerulus - ANSWER- structure at the beginning of nephron that is responsible
for filtering fluid and substances from the blood
What are the components of the glomerulus? - ANSWER- - glomerular capillaries
- Bowman's capsule
tubule - ANSWER- responsible for reabsorption and secretion
What are the components of the tubule? - ANSWER- - proximal tubule
- loop of Henle
- distal tubule
- connecting tubule
- collecting tubule
- collecting duct
What are the two nephron regions? - ANSWER- - cortex
- medulla
What are the cortical nephron components? - ANSWER- - glomerulus
- proximal tubule
- distal tubule
- connecting tubule
- cortical collecting tubule
, What are the medullary nephron components? - ANSWER- - loop of Henle
- medullary collecting tubule
- collecting duct
What are the nephron types? - ANSWER- - cortical
- juxtamedullary
cortical nephrons - ANSWER- nephrons with short loops of Henle in the renal
cortex responsible for urine formation
juxtamedullary nephrons - ANSWER- nephrons with long loops of Henle deep in
the medulla responsible for concentration or dilution of urine
What percent of all nephrons are cortical? Juxtamedullary? - ANSWER- - cortical
nephrons: 70-80%
- juxtamedullary nephrons: 20-30%
What are the capillary beds of the nephron? - ANSWER- - glomerular capillaries
- peritubular capillaries
glomerular capillaries - ANSWER- responsible for filtration
peritubular capillaries - ANSWER- responsible for absorption and secretion
afferent arterioles - ANSWER- lead to glomerular capillaries
efferent arterioles - ANSWER- carry blood out of glomerular capillaries
vasa recta - ANSWER- specialized peritubular capillaries branching from the
efferent arterioles in juxtamedullary nephrons
What are the layers of the glomerulus from capillary to capsule? - ANSWER- -
fenestrated endothelium
- basement membrane
- epithelial cells (podocytes)
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