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NURS 100 2024 Midterm Exam Questions And Correct Answers
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NURS 100 2024 Midterm Exam Questions AndCorrect Answers
what is nutrition?
study of nutrients and other biologically active compounds in food and in the body
- also the study of human behaviours related to food: social and economic components
what is diet?
the foods and drinks a person consumes
food must provide enough nutrients
- water
- fat
- minerals
- carbs
- protein
- vitamins
body is constantly renewing it's structures, thus we need to eat constantly to keep
ourselves healthy
FAT is stored in the body
OPTIMAL foods promote growth and maintenance
MALNUTRITION has disastrous effects on the long term
malnutrition
any disorder resulting from over or inadequate intake of food energy/nutrient or from the
nutrient imbalance
includes under or over nutrition
Nutrition and Chronic Disease
,diets play an important role in the health of a person in the long run
diet is contributing factor to 3 out of 4 major causes of death in Canada: stroke, heart
disease, cancer
only two lifestyle habits are more influential: tobacco use, alcohol consumption
other leading cause of death is accidents (in 2020 COVID took over stroke)
genetics and lifestyle w/ diet influence risk for chronic disease development
genetics and nutrition
genetics and nutrition have variable roles in disease
some diseases are both hereditary and influenced by genetics ex: HTN, TID
some diseases are purely dietary: vitamin deficiencies
some diseases are purely genetic: sickle cell
importance of nutritional genomics
the science of how nutrients affects the activity of genes and how genes affect the
activity of nutrients
holds promise of helping to determine an individual nutrient needs, fight disease --> may
be able to target treatment more individually
ex. some people are fast/slow metabolizers for certain nutrients
other lifestyle choices impacting health
tobacco use
alcohol use
substance abuse
- physical activity
- sleep
- stress
- conditions at home and work
what is energy?
ability to do work: needed by the body
- our energy coems indirectly from the sun via plants and animals that eat plants
,- food energy is measured in calories (kcalories)
calories/kilocalorie/kcal
Calories(kcal): unit of measurement of energy
- 1000 calories (lowercase) = 1kcal
- 1kcal: quantity of heat needed to increase temp of 1kg of water by 1 degree C
6 classes of nutrients
1. carbohydrates
2. lipid
3. protein
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water (alcohol is not a nutrient-it interferes with body processes)
macronutrients
nutrients that we need large amount per day (g/day)
- proteins, carbs, fat
- water: we require more of it than any other nutrient
micronutrients
required in small amount per day (mg/ug/day)
- vitamins and minerals
essential nutrients
those nutrients that a person must get from food because the body can't make them.
inorganic nutrients
nutrients that contain no carbon
water and minerals
organic nutrients
nutrients that contain carbon to carbon/carbon to hydrogen bonds
- carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins
, energy yielding nutrients
nutrients that can be broken down to provide energy to the body
- carbohydrates, lipids, protein
B vitamin is not an energy yeilding nutrient: used in metabolic processes that we get
energy from
vitamins and minerals
regulators that assist in all body processes, such as digesting food and healing wounds
- not energy yielding
how much energy do you get from each energy yielding substance?
carbs: 4kcal/g
protein: 4kcal/g
fat: 9kcal/g (more energy dense
alcohol: 7kcal/g (not a nutrient)
can we live only on supplements?
yes
elemental diets are composed of purified ingredients to supply all nutrients needed to
people who can't eat (ex. TPN, enteral nutrition)
- contain micro and macronutrients, but not superior to real food
- liquid formulas are advertised as meal replacements/insurance against nutrition
Lacking social and cultural context: also important parts of food
Risk for medical complications: PICC line infection, fatty liver vfrom TPN
GI tract will atrophy if not used: sometimes will send trickles of food through it to
maintain function via NG
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