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NURSADN2 - Week 6 Lecture VI (Topics For Test #3: Cardiology And Fluid/Electrolytes) –Q&A
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NURSADN2 - Week 6 Lecture VI (Topics For Test #3: Cardiology And Fluid/Electrolytes) –Q&A
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NURSADN2 - Week 6 Lecture VI (Topics For Test #3:Cardiology And Fluid/Electrolytes) –Q&A
What are the three layers of the heart? Right Ans - Epicardium,
myocardium, endocardium
Name the four chambers of the heart: Right Ans - Right atrium, right
ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
List the four valves of the heart?
*Hint: Try Palpating my Artery* Right Ans - Tricuspid valve, pulmonary
valve, mitral valve, aortic valve
What is the atrioventricular node (AV Node)? (What does it do?) Right Ans
- Clump of cardiac tissue that generates action potentials to generate an
electrical charge that causes the ventricles to contract
What is the sinoatrial node (SA Node)? (What does it do?) Right Ans -
Initiates the contraction (rhythm of the heartbeat) of the muscles of the atria;
"Pacemaker of the heart"
Which heart valves are atrioventricular? Right Ans - Tricuspid and bicuspid
What is the Bundle of His? Right Ans - Also known as the Common Bundle.
It is located in the upper portion of the interventricular septum and connects
the AV Node with the Bundle Branches. Has an intrinsic rate of 40 - 60 bpm.
Which heart valves are semilunar? Right Ans - Pulmonic and aortic
Which of the following is the primary pacemaker for the myocardium?
A. Atrioventricular junction
B. Bundle of His
C. Purkinje fibers
D. Sinoatrial node Right Ans - D. Sinoatrial node
What makes up stroke volume? Right Ans - Preload, afterload, contractility
,*The amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat* is known as:
A. Stroke Volume
B. Contractility
C. Afterload
D. Preload Right Ans - A. Stroke Volume
*The degree of stretch of cardiac muscle fibers at end of diastole (how much
blood fills the ventricles)* is known as:
A. Stroke Volume
B. Contractility
C. Afterload
D. Preload Right Ans - D. Preload
*The resistance to ejection of blood out of ventricles into arteries (diameter of
arteries)* is known as:
A. Stroke Volume
B. Contractility
C. Afterload
D. Preload Right Ans - C. Afterload
*The ability of myocardium to shorten (contract) in response to electrical
conduction impulse* is known as:
A. Stroke Volume
B. Contractility
C. Afterload
D. Preload Right Ans - B. Contractility
What is ejection fraction?
(Normal values: 56-78%) Right Ans - Stroke volume/end diastolic volume;
Proportion of end diastolic volume ejected from left ventricle during systole
Amount of blood pumped by ventricle in liters per minute is cardiac
__________________. Right Ans - output
, Cardiac output can be calculated by multiplying what? Right Ans - Stroke
volume (preload, afterload, and contractility) x heart rate
To remember Alpha and Beta (1 and 2) receptors, remember *ABCD*
A -> C (Alpha constricts)
B -> D (Beta dilates)
You have *1* heart and *2* lungs.
Knowing this, what do *beta* 1 *blockers* do?
(Remember Tip: -*LOL* that *Beta* is funny) Right Ans - Block epinephrine
or adrenaline and reduce the heart rate
To remember Alpha and Beta, remember *ABCD*
A -> C (Alpha constricts)
B -> D (Beta dilates)
Knowing this, what do *alpha* 1 *blockers* do? Right Ans - Prevent
norepinephrine or noradrenaline from tightening the blood vessels,
What is the Frank-Starling law of the heart? Right Ans - The more the heart
fills with blood during diastole, the greater the force of contraction during
systole
Contractility of the heart is *increased* by each of the following except:
- Catecholamines (Epi and NorEpi)
- Sympathetic nervous system
- Medication (Digoxin, dopamine, dobutamine)
- Hypoxemia Right Ans - Hypoxemia; This *decreases* contractility
What does digoxin do? Right Ans - Slows, strengthens, and regulates the
heartbeat.
If Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) is ____% or less, the patient has left
ventricular dysfunction and requires treatment for Heart Failure
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