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PALS 2024 Anatomy Questions And Answers Well Elaborated
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PALS 2024 Anatomy Questions And Answers Well Elaborated
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PALS 2024 Anatomy Questions AndAnswers Well Elaborated
The adult larynx is cylindrical with the narrowest opening at the level of the vocal
cords
The larynx of infants and young children is funnel shaped. The airway continues to
taper below the vocal cords to the cricoid cartilage, which is the narrowest point,
and it creates a nondistensible ring - ANSWER✔✔
In infants and todlers the tongue and epiglottis are relatively large and can
contribute to airway obstruction. In addition the larynx is positioned more
superiorly and anteriorly than in adults. The airway is always anterior to the
esophagus. The cricoid cartilage is the only complete cartilage ring located below
the vocal cords - ANSWER✔✔
What is the main function of the respiratory system? - ANSWER✔✔ Gas
exchange is the main function
What is gas exchange? - ANSWER✔✔ Air is taken into the lungs with inspiration.
from there O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, where some O2 dissolves in
plasma.
Most O2 that enters the blood is? - ANSWER✔✔ Attached (saturated or bound) to
hemoglobin.
The percent of hemoglobin that is saturated with O2 is called? - ANSWER✔✔
Oxygen saturation
,What happens when Blood passes through the lungs? - ANSWER✔✔ CO2
diffuses from the blood into the alveoli and is exhaled.
Acute respiratory problems can result from __________ in any part of this
_____________ from the __________ to the _________ - ANSWER✔✔
Alterations, systems, airway, alveoli
What impairs respiration control?
Muscle weakness and what else effects oxygenation and ventilation? -
ANSWER✔✔ Central nervous system disease
seizures or head trauma
This can impair respiration control leading to decreased respiratory rate.
Muscle weakness, either primary ( e.g. muscular dystrophy) or secondary (e.g.
fatigue) may also impair oxygenation or ventilation
Why do children have a high metabolic rate? - ANSWER✔✔ O2 demand per
kilogram of body weight is high. O2 consumption in infants is 6 to 8 ml/Kg per
minute, compared to 3 to 4 mL/kg per minute in adults.
Children develop hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia more quickly than adults bc of
their - ANSWER✔✔ Higher metabolic rates
If a child has apnea or inadequate alveolar ventilation what can they develop
quicker? - ANSWER✔✔ Hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia and develop more rapidly
, respiratory problems can result in? - ANSWER✔✔ Hypoxemia, Hypercarbia, a
combination or hypoxemia and hypercarbia (increased CO2 in blood).
O2 saturation? - ANSWER✔✔ The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin
(SaO2) in comparison with the amount of oxygen the hemoglobin can carry
(SpO2).
Normal spontaneous breathing can be described as what? - ANSWER✔✔
Breathing which is quiet with unlabored, smooth inspiration and passive expiration
What are the important factors associated with increased WOB? - ANSWER✔✔ 1
Increased airway resistance
2 Decreased lung compliance
3 Use of accessory muscles or respirations
4 Disordered CNS control of breathing
Whats airway resistance? - ANSWER✔✔ The impedance to airflow within the
airways, is primarily increased by reducing the size of the conducting airways,
either by airway constriction or inflammation.
Turbulent airflow causes? How does airflow become turbulent? - ANSWER✔✔
Also causes increased airway resistance.
Airflow becomes turbulent when the flow rate increased, even if the airway size
remains unchanged.
Increased airway resistance does what to WOB? - ANSWER✔✔ WOB increases
in an attempt to maintain airflow despite the increase in airway resistance.
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