NURS242 EXAM 3 NEWEST ACTUAL
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED
MEDSURG STUDYGUIDE | GALEN
COLLEGE OF NURSING
What is chronic renal failure? Correct Answer progressive
loss of nephron function over months to years
What is the etiology of chronic renal failure? Correct
Answer glomerulonephritis;
diabetic nephropathy;
hypertension;
pyelonephritis;
polycystic kidney disease;
nephrotoxic exposure;
obstructive nephropathy
What are the stages of chronic renal failure? Correct
Answer 1) 75% nephron loss- decreased renal reserve; no
S&S; normal BUN and creatinine; may not be diagnosed
2) 75-90% loss- renal insufficiency; polyuria, nocturne;
slight increase in BUN, creatinine; may be diet controlled
3) >90% nephron loss- end-stage failure; uremia
What are the clinical manifestations of chronic renal
failure? Correct Answer accumulation of nitrogenous
wastes;
,alterations in water, electrolyte and acid-base balance;
mineral and skeletal disorders;
anemia and coagulation disorders;
HTN and alterations in CV function;
GI disorders;
neurologic complications;
disorders of skin integrity;
immunologic disorders
What are retained substances from renal failure? Correct
Answer urea;
creatinine;
phenols;
hormones;
electrolytes;
water
What is renal osteodystrophy? Correct Answer syndrome
of skeletal changes;
result of alterations in calcium and phosphate metabolism
What is the trigone? Correct Answer the triangular area
bounded by the ureters and the urethra
What is cystitis? Correct Answer inflammation of the
bladder lining
What is the etiology of cystitis? Correct Answer infection
caused by bacterial invasion from the urethra
,What are the risk factors of cystitis? Correct Answer
female gender;
>65 years;
catheterization;
DM;
urinary stasis
What are the manifestations of cystitis? Correct Answer
dysuria;
frequency, urgency;
suprapubic pain;
cloudy urine;
hematuria;
UA: bacteria, WBC's, RBC's
What are the characteristics of incontinence? Correct
Answer affects 29% of women between 30 and 60 years;
affects about 20% of older men, and 35% of older women
What are the types of incontinence? Correct Answer urge;
stress;
overflow;
mixed;
nocturnal enuresis
What are some congenital urinary tract disorders? Correct
Answer vesicoureteral reflex- backword flow of the urine
from the bladder to the ureters and renal pelvis, usually
diagnosed in child with UTI, often resolves w/o treatment;
ureteral ectopy;
ureterocele
, What is ventilation? Correct Answer the movement of air
into and out of the lungs
What is perfusion? Correct Answer the circulation of blood
through the lungs
What are central chemoreceptors responsive to? Correct
Answer increased H+ in the brain ECF;
increased PaCO2;
"hypercarbic drive"
What are peripheral chemoreceptors responsive to?
Correct Answer decreased pH;
increased PaCO2;
decreased PaO2;
"hypoxic drive"
What are elastic forces? Correct Answer lungs recoil due
to elastin, collagen, fibrin
What are surface forces? Correct Answer surface tension
due to water-air interface
What is airway resistance? Correct Answer opposition to
flow caused by the forces of friction; primarily determined
by airway radius
What is the distensibility of the lungs? Correct Answer
ease with which the lungs can be inflated
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