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BIOS 252 Exam 2 Review Exam-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ latest update (2024/2025) $11.99   Add to cart

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BIOS 252 Exam 2 Review Exam-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ latest update (2024/2025)

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  • Bio 252
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  • Bio 252

CSF - Cerebrospinal fluid; fills the sub-arachnoid space Dura mater - Outermost and thickest protective layer Arachnoid mater - Layer attached directly deep to the dura Pia mater - Deepest layer laying on the brain's surface Conus medularis - Termination point of the spinal cord around L1/L2 C...

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  • September 4, 2024
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  • Bio 252
  • Bio 252
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MikeHarris
BIOS 252 Exam 2 Review Exam-Questions with Correct Answers/
Verified/ latest update (2024/2025)
CSF - ✔✔Cerebrospinal fluid; fills the sub-arachnoid space



Dura mater - ✔✔Outermost and thickest protective layer



Arachnoid mater - ✔✔Layer attached directly deep to the dura



Pia mater - ✔✔Deepest layer laying on the brain's surface



Conus medularis - ✔✔Termination point of the spinal cord around L1/L2



Cauda equina - ✔✔Group of peripheral nerves after the conus medularis



Filum terminale - ✔✔Continuation of protective layers fusing to coccygeal region



Grey matter - ✔✔Central area with nerve cell bodies in the spinal cord



White matter - ✔✔Periphery with myelinated axons forming tracts



Anterior horn - ✔✔Region containing motor cell bodies in grey matter



Posterior/Dorsal horn - ✔✔Area with sensory nerve cell bodies in grey matter



Ascending tracts - ✔✔Carry sensory information from cord to brain



Descending tracts - ✔✔Convey motor information from brain to cord

,Upper motor neuron (UMN) - ✔✔Originates in cerebral cortex or brainstem



Lower motor neuron (LMN) - ✔✔Neuron with cell body in brainstem or spinal cord



Spinal nerves - ✔✔31 pairs containing both motor and sensory neurons



Myotomes - ✔✔Muscle groups innervated by specific spinal nerves



Dermatomes - ✔✔Skin patches innervated by specific spinal levels



Endoneurium - ✔✔Connective tissue surrounding individual axons



Perineurium - ✔✔Connective tissue around a bundle of axons



Epineurium - ✔✔Connective tissue surrounding a spinal nerve



Cervical plexus - ✔✔Serves head, neck, upper limbs (C1-C5)



Brachial Plexus - ✔✔Nerves to upper limb, neck, shoulder muscles (C5-T1)



Lumbar Plexus - ✔✔Nerves to abdominal wall, genitals, lower limb (L1-L5)



Spinothalamic - ✔✔(antero and lateral) takes pain, temperature, itch, and tickle to the
thalamus; decussates in the cord upon level of entry



Posterior (Dorsal) Columns - ✔✔(Cuneate and Gracile) takes touch, pressure, and vibration
to the thalamus; decussates in the medulla



Corticospinal - ✔✔Motor tract that usually ends in -spinal; efferent pathway

, Parasympathetic - ✔✔Division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for 'Rest and
Digest' functions



Sympathetic - ✔✔Division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for 'Fight or Flight'
responses



Cholinergic - ✔✔Receptors that respond to acetylcholine



Adrenergic - ✔✔Receptors that respond to adrenaline or noradrenaline



Autonomic dysreflexia - ✔✔A potentially dangerous clinical syndrome in individuals with
spinal cord injury



Lateral grey horns - ✔✔Located in the Thoracic and Lumbar spine



Cranial nerves - ✔✔Nerves that emerge directly from the brain, including the Vagus Nerve
(X) and Oculomotor Nerve (III)



Sacral nerves - ✔✔Nerves originating from the sacral region of the spinal cord



Sympathetic trunk - ✔✔Part of the sympathetic nervous system that runs along the
vertebral column



Prevertebral ganglia - ✔✔Ganglia located anterior to the vertebral column



Terminal ganglia - ✔✔Ganglia located near or on the effector organ



Pre-ganglionic nerve - ✔✔Nerve that comes before the ganglion in the autonomic nervous
system pathway

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