NR 570 Final Exam Study Guide with 100- correct answers
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Course
Nurs 570
Institution
Nurs 570
What is nephrolithiasis?
renal calculi (kidney stones)
How does Renal calculi form?
formed d/t elevated levels of minerals in the body
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What minerals in exce...
,-complications of stones: obstructions,
pyelonephritis (kidney infection), CKD
Classic Kidney stone presentation - answer acute
onset of severe, colicky flank pain that wax and
wane in intensity.
Severe pain is associated with the movement of
the stone and can cause n/v.
pt may seem anxious and unable to sit still
history and physical for nephrolithiasis (kidney
stones) - answer Irritative Bladder symptoms -
dysuria (painful or difficulty urinating), urgency, &
frequency
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with
increasing intensity
Radiation of pain into the groin
Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
Hematuria
Diaphoretic, tachycardic, appear extremely
uncomfortable
CVA tenderness tell your the stone is located
where? - answer caused by passing of the stone
through the ureter with obstruction & spasm
,Where is the stone located if the patient has pain
in the groin region? - answer pain that radiates
downward into the groin indicates the stone has
passed into the lower third of the ureter
Vague flank pain or acute colicky pain with
increasing intensity means the stone is located
where? - answer stones in renal pelvis
Differential Diagnosis for abdominal pain and/or
flank pain: - answer Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
Ectopic pregnancy
Ovarian or testicular torsion
Appendicitis
Bowel obstruction
Diverticulitis
Rupture of aortic aneurysm
Right lower abdominal tenderness with a
+Blumberg sign. What should be suspected? -
answer Blumberg sign: Rebound tenderness in the
RLQ, caused by acute peritonitis.
*Appendicitis
, What labs do we run to diagnose a kidney stone? -
answer UA dipstick, urine microscopy and urine
C&S
Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
(Cr) to assess renal function.
What radiology methods are preferred for
outpatient treatment and why - answer
inexpensive, easily accessible. in combo its more
practical
-KUB xray
-Renal Ultrasound
What stones can be seen on a KUB?
What stone can you not see on a KUB - answer CAN
see: Calcium oxalate - most common type of stone
CANNOT see: uric acid stones (radio translucent)
What is a Renal Ultrasound used for when testing
for kidney stones? - answer good for assessing for
hydronephrosis (excess fluid in the kidney d/t back
up of urine that can be caused by an obstruction).
Bad for identifying a stone.
What is the GOLD STANDARD for diagnosing a
kidney stone? - answer Non-contrast CT scan.
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