Types of Leveling - Differential Level
- Profile
- Topographic
Differential Leveling Finding difference in elevation between 2 points
Profile leveling determining the elevation of points at measured distances along a selected
line
Topographic leveling determining the elevation of spaced grid ...
Types of Leveling - Differential Level
- Profile
- Topographic
Differential Leveling Finding difference in elevation between 2 points
Profile leveling determining the elevation of points at measured distances along a selected
line
Topographic leveling determining the elevation of spaced grid points
- uses contour lines
Accuracy of differential leveling depends on...
and common mistake - centering of bubble
- keeping the rod vertical
- equal sight distances for the BS and FS
- length of sight: be practical
-common mistake: reading wrong foot mark
Types of Levels construction level
self compensating
construction level - dumpy 10-20x
- simple
- straight line measurements
self compensating - easier to use
- what we use in lab
Transit and theodolites - both work in the horizontal and vertical plane
- rotate angles
- vertical measurements
- transit is more traditional, few automated features
- theodolite can read angles ver y accurately of up to 1 sec of an arc
, EDMI electronic distance measuring instrument
Total station theodolite with a computer
laser level - cost is higher than straight line
- distance 500' - 1000'
- adv. only one person is needed to get work done
- can be mounted by construction equipment (ex. dozer)
linear measurements - pacing
- odometer: wheel
- stadia: length between top and bottom stadia is 1/100 of the distance between the instrument
and the rod
- taping; steel, fiberglass or fabric, length ranges to 500 feet
Record keeping Field book
- left side is actual instrument readings (numbers)
- right side is picture
site prep identify special requirements
- historical sites, trees, natural water supply
- storm water run off control
- barriers around trees so they don't die
mark property lines
heavy equipment operators
prepare for rough grading - study plot plans and specs
- look at contour lines for site grading
- establish benchmarks
- top soils stripped and piled or hauled
soil removal (2 methods) - grid method
* rough grade grid lines in intervals of 100'
- radial staking: total station
Finish grade - select fill material
- finish grade grid intervals of 50'
- blue topping: fill material to base material elevation, ready for concrete or asphalt to be applied
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller johndocs. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
