What are 3 reasons to survey? -protect owner/builder against costly errors in measurement
-esatblish property/building lines
-where/how the structure is to be located
When are plot plans required? before a permit is issued
Plot plans show... Shows the location of the structure and indicates the...
CMP 305 EXAM 1
Questions and Answers
What are 3 reasons to survey? -protect owner/builder against costly errors in measurement
-esatblish property/building lines
-where/how the structure is to be located
When are plot plans required? before a permit is issued
Plot plans show... Shows the location of the structure and indicates the distances to
property lines
Purpose of leveling For planning and layout
Leveling for planning is to... To establish the necessary elevations to develop plans for
such structures as buildings, roads, terraces
Leveling for layout is to... To assure the structure are built according to the elevations
shown on the plans
leveling instrument A telescope containing both vehicle and horizontal cords hairs an a
spirit level (vial) to indicate when the instrument is level
Types of leveling Differential
Profile
Topography
Differential leveling Finding the difference in elevation between 2 points
Profile Determining the elevation fo points at measured distances along a selected line
Topography Determining the elevation of spaced grid points, use contour lines to show
hills, valleys, slopes
Benchmark (BM) Known point of elevation (reference point)
Backsight (BS) This is added to the BM elevation to get HI
HI Height of instrument
Foresight (FS) -Differential leveling: only one FS for each instrument
, - profile & topographic :may make many FS per set up
- FS is subtracted from HI to find the elevation of the point
turning point (TP) Temporary benchmark, where FS & BS rod reading are taken
Notebook layout 6 columns
-STA
-BS
-HI
-FS
-Elev.
- Notes: length of site, drawing, sketch, date, time, weather (right side of notebook)
HI BM elev + BS
TP elev + BS
TP elevation HI - FS
Accuracy for differential leveling depends on: -Centering the bubble
-keep the rod vertical
-equal sights for BS & FS
-length of sight
-ensure reading of correct foot mark
Types of levels Dumpy
Self compensating
Dumpy level Straight line measurement
4 screws for leveling
Horizontal angles (no vertical)
Self compensating leve 3 screws
Cats eye for vial
Transit & theodolites Both work in the vertical and horizontal plane, rotate angles, vertical
measurement
Transit level More traditional with a few automatic features
Theodolite level Can read angles very accurate - to 1 second or an arc
EDMI (electronic distance measuring instrument) Add the distance component to
theodolite
Angle measurement
More accurate than convention equip.
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