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PEDIATRIC NURSING EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024 UPDATE
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PEDIATRIC NURSING EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024 UPDATE PEDIATRIC NURSING EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024 UPDATE PEDIATRIC NURSING EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024 UPDATE
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PEDIATRIC NURSING EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024 UPDATE family apgar score: Brief screening tool that is designed to assess
satisfaction with family functioning.
sensorimotor period: In Piaget's theory, the period of cognitive development
from birth to about 2 years in which the child has not yet achieved object
perma- nence. Babies learn primarily from their senses and their own actions
(cause and effect) and display stranger anxiety. Sense of self is directly
related to having needs met. No concept of death.
preoperational thought: Piaget's second stage of cognitive development,
occur- ring from ages 2 through 7, as the child learns language, symbolic
play, and symbolic drawing, but does not grasp abstract concepts, such as
conservation (big cup vs small cup with same volume). The child represents
ideas through words and images. Children in this phase are egocentric.
concrete operations: Piaget's stage in which children learn such concepts
as conservation and mathematical transformations; about 7 - 11 years of
age
formal operations: in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development
(nor- mally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think
logically, hypo- thetically, and morally about abstract concepts.
infancy: Birth to 1 year, trust vs mistrust, strength: hope, strong maternal
influ- ence
,PEDIATRIC NURSING EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024 UPDATE
early childhood: Age 2-3, autonomy vs shame/self doubt, strength:
willpower, parental figures are influential. By age 3, offering choices is very
helpful. Stuttering also begins at age 3. No concept of death but sensitive to
others' emotions.
preschool: Age 4-5, initiative vs guilt, strength: purpose, influence from
parents, family, and friends. Fear that their insides will come out with
intrusive procedures. At age 4 the child exhibits more aggression, but by age
5 becomes more tranquil. Death is impermanent and deliberately caused.
middle childhood: Age 6-11, industry vs inferiority, strength: competence,
influ- enced by school
adolescence: Age 12-18, identity vs confusion, strength: fidelity, influence
from peers
young adulthood: Age 18-35, intimacy vs isolation, strength: love,
influence: spouse
strabismus: a disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are
not aligned correctly because the eye muscles are unable to focus together.
Amblyopia may develop if the eyes do not work together. The brain may
ignore the visual cues from one eye, resulting in blindness.
head lag: When a baby goes from lying down to sitting up, her head will
naturally lag, or droop, forward or backward. As she grows stronger, she can
,PEDIATRIC NURSING EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024 UPDATE
control her neck muscles more easily, and this quality should disappear by 4
months.
, PEDIATRIC NURSING EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024 UPDATE
Doll's head maneuver: a test for central nervous system brainstem damage
in a comatose patient. The head is quickly rotated from side to side.
Normally the eyes deviate to the opposite direction. Failure of the eyes to
make the movement is an indication of severe brainstem damage.
Oculovestibular response: Syringe of icy water into ear. Normal/positive
caloric: eyes deviate to side of ice water application. Abnormal caloric: eyes
do not deviate
decorticate posturing: characterized by upper extremities flexed at the
elbows and held closely to the body and lower extremities that are
externally rotated and extended. occurs when the brainstem is not inhibited
by the motor function of the cerebral cortex.
decerebrate posturing: posturing in which the neck is extended with jaw
clenched; arms are pronated, extended, and close to the sides; legs are
extended straight out; more ominous sign of brain stem damage. MOST
SEVERE!!!
FACES scale: Faces to deem pain level 3 yrs or older
Severe dehydration in infants: Tachycardia, irritability, capillary refill greater
than 3 seconds, 15% weight loss, and sunken eyes and fontanel. Acute
kidney failure and water intoxication.
oral rehydration solution: Means of treating dehydration involving giving by
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