MARYVILLE NURS 611 Patho exam 1/ NEWEST NURS 611
MARYVILLE PATHO ACTUAL EXAM 1 LATEST UPDATED
VERSION 2024-2025 REAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS |GUARANTEED PASS. (BRAND
NEW!!)
what are the 5 major diseases that are affected by reactive oxygen
species and are known to play a role in initiation and progression? -
Answer-hyperlipidemia, diabetes m., hypertension, CHF, and ischemic
heart disease
What is wrong with an unpair electron? - Answer-causes a chemical
imbalance of the cell membrane, making the molecule unstable
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomes during chemical injury?
- Answer-enzymatic digestion of cellular organelles, including the
nucleus and nucleolus, ensues, halting synthesis of DNA and RNA
What happens when liver enzymes metabolize ethanol into
acetaldehyde? - Answer-hepatic cellular dysfunction.
Peroxisomes help detoxify the liver-if not functioning properly the
ethanol is turned into fat in the liver, "fatty liver"
What is ionizing radiation (IR)? - Answer-any form of radiation capable
of removing orbital electrons from atoms.
,What does ionizing radiation result in? - Answer-the production of
negatively charge free elections and positively charged ionized atoms
What is ionizing radiation emitted from? - Answer-x-rays, y-rays, alpha
and beta particles, subatomic particles such as neutrons, deuterons,
protons, and pions
WEAR A LEAD APRON
What is the main mechanism of damage to DNA by the ionizing
radiation? - Answer-from generation of reactive oxygen species from
reactions with free radicals by radiolysis of water
IT HURTS THE DNA THE MOST
What happens with physiologic processes with aging? - Answer-every
physiologic process can be shown to function less effeciently
What is sarcopenia? - Answer-muscular atrophy: degenerative skeletal
muscle loss
how fast it happens depends on nature/nurture
What happens when "stiffness" or "rigidity" of systems occur with
aging? - Answer-1-peripheral vascular resistance increases (HTN)
2- decreased production of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and delayed
stomach emptying (decrease in appetite)
3- decreased immune response to T-dependent antigens
, Apoptosis - Answer-A programmed cell death that is regulated or
programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell
populations
Necrosis - Answer-Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure,
organelle swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the
kidney and heart) - Answer-hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - Answer-ischemia
Main component of a cell - Answer-nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? - Answer-nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? - Answer-RNA, most of cellular
DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
Why are histone important? - Answer-histones bind to DNA and fold it
into chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell division
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