10 principles of reading instruction
1. Learn to read by reading
2. Reading should be easy but not too easy
3. Instruction- Functional and contextual
4. Make connections
5. Promote independence
6. Believe all children can read and write
7. Literacy program should be goal oriented and systema...
WGU C182 Introduction exam with
complete solutions
Information Technology - The technology used in creating, maintaining, and
making information accessible.
IT Professional Roles - Administration and Support
System Administrator - Maintains all aspects of the system including hardware,
software, and programming.
Network Administrator - In charge of all aspects of the computer network
Database Administrator - Focuses on the design, development, and support of
database management systems (DBMSs).
Security Administrator - Installs, configures, and administers firewall security to
protect systems and proactively work to stop intrusions.
Web Administrator - Installs, configures, maintains, secures, and troubleshoots
web severs.
Support IT Professionals - Help desk and training.
Information - Processed data.
DIKW Hierarchy - Defines the transition of data to information to knowledge to
wisdom. (Data Information Knowledge Wisdom)
Data in DIKW - The input directly received by the user (or computer). It is
generally not usable until it has been converted into a relevant form.
,Information in DIKW - Having been inferred from data; one or more processes
have been applied to the data to transform it into a more useful form.
Knowledge in DIKW - Information that has been put to use; information placed
into a context. Refined information such that the user of the knowledge is able to
call forth only relevant portions of information when needed.
Wisdom in DIKW - Provides a social setting to knowledge; an understanding of
the "why". Can only come by having both knowledge and experience.
Information Systems - A collection of data and information used to support the
management of an organization. Also refers to the technical components and
human resources that enable the assembly, storage, and processing of data and
the delivery of information. This has existed for a lot longer than computers.
Characteristics of Quality Data - Relevance - the data being used must apply
directly to the decision being made
Timely - data must be efficient and must be provided in a timely manner
Thorough - the data must be complete
Accurate - data should be captured only once, where possible and should be
captured as close to the point of activity as possible.
Reliable - data should reflect stable and consistent data collection processes
across collections points and over time
IPOS - The Input-Procession-Output-Storage Cycle
Input - Raw data is entered by the user.
Processing - Raw data is organized or structured for usefulness.
Output - Information is output so user can see results.
Storage - Processed information is stored for permanent record.
Computer System - A collection of components that work together to meet the
needs of the user; typically categorized as either hardware, software, networks,
or users.
, Hardware - Physical components of a computer system which include the system
unit and its components and peripheral devices; tangible aspects of the
computer.
Software - Computer programs that tell the computer what to do--how to execute
commands and process information
Network - A collection of computers and resources connected by various media
so that they can communicate with each other.
User - Those who use a computer.
Software Categories - Systems Software and Applications Software
Evolution of Users - First users were the engineers who built and programmed
computers, then employees who had received specialized training were users,
and now today, anyone and everyone can be a user.
Protocol - Rules provided by which networks communicate with each other.
TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Most commonly used
protocol; is required of all computers that communicate over the Internet.
Protocol Stack - A collection of protocols. TCP/IP is an example.
Components of a Computer - CPU, Memory and Storage, Peripheral Devices
CPU - Executes programs' instructions and commands various components in
the computer. Referred to as the "chip".
Memory - Stores the programs being executed and the data they are using.
I/O Subsystem - All peripheral devices where long term storage devices are used.
Bus - Permits information to move between each component; electrical channels
that enable communication among the electronic components
System Unit - Critical component of all computer based systems; consists of
most of the hardware the computer needs in order to run; comes in a variety of
shapes and sizes.
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