EOSC 114_ Storms Learning Objectives exam with complete solutions
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Course
EOSC 114
Institution
EOSC 114
Describe different types of lightning, and explain the sequence of events in a lighting strike
Direct hit: most powerful type of lightning strike & delivers massive direct hit to whatever it hits
Side flash: Comes down & out of tree sideways into you; may contain as much current as direct hit
...
EOSC 114: Storms Learning Objectives
exam with complete solutions
Describe different types of lightning, and explain the sequence of events in a
lighting strike - ANSWER- Direct hit: most powerful type of lightning strike &
delivers massive direct hit to whatever it hits
Side flash: Comes down & out of tree sideways into you; may contain as much
current as direct hit
Ground strike: can travel over larger area
Explain lightning risk: dangerous times and places; how it affects people; and
what you can do to stay safe. - ANSWER- Florida - 'Lightning alley' in North
America
Central Africa - Highest density of lightning worldwide
Lightning in Canada - Lots of lightning ↔ thunderstorms in Rocky
Mountains (AB) & prairies in SK & MB
30/30 rule: if 30 secs/less between see flash & hear bang → move
indoors & stay there until 30 min after last lightning/thunder
Safe places - fully enclosed metal vehicle w/ windows up, substantial permanent
building (don't use hard-wired telephones!)
Unsafe areas [outdoors] - Small structures, huts, rain shelters; nearby metallic
objs (e.g. pole, fence); trees, water, open fields, hill tops, etc.
, Lightning-Safety Crouch (if caught in open): squat on ground w/ feet together &
hands over ears, but don't put your hands on ground!
identify and describe typical components of a thunderstorm cloud, and describe
the nature and evolution of cells in different types of thunderstorms - ANSWER-
Thick clouds w/ lightning & thunder
Mushroom-shaped (stem + cap)
Cloud top (anvil) is near top of troposphere (10-15km); cloud base is near ground
(~1km)
Stem - strong updrafts & downdrafts (violent updraft → upshoot as
dome-shaped structure above top of anvil)
Multicell thunderstorms: contain 2+ cells (each in diff stages of evolution); most
thunderstorms!
Squall line: line of thunderstorms
Supercell thunderstorm: very large, rotating single-cell thunderstorm that can
cause tornadoes, hail, lightning, rain, winds
Life Cycle -
1. Cumulus stage - updraft, no rain, no anvil
2. Mature stage - up & down drafts, heavy rain, crisp anvil
3. Dissipating stage - Downdraft, light rain, fuzzy anvil
identify atmospheric layers and explain how they relate to storms - ANSWER-
Thermosphere (top): absorption of non-visible light
Stratopause (middle): top of stratosphere; absorption of ultraviolet by "good"
ozone (protection from UV radiation)
Troposphere (bottom): Earth's surface; light shines thru lower atmosphere, w/
little direct heating of air, but heats ground instead
- Tropopause: top of troposphere
Warm ground heats air in troposphere (bottom 11km) & powers storms
- Mesopause: top of mesosphere
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