ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy/Immunotherapy
Lesson 11: Targeted Therapies Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
How targeted therapy and chemo differ - answer-targeted therapies act on specific molecular
targets on or within the cells that are associated with cancer, whereas standard chemo act on all
ra...
How targeted therapy and chemo differ - answer✔✔-targeted therapies act on specific molecular
targets on or within the cells that are associated with cancer, whereas standard chemo act on all
rapidly dividing cells-chemo has more SEs-targeted therapy ae chosen and designed to interact
with their target on or within the cells, whereas chemo were IDed becaused they kill cells-
targeted therapies are often cytostatic (they block tumor cell proliferation) whereas chemo agents
are cytotoxic (kill tumor cells)
Goals of targeted therapy - answer✔✔-disease cure when used as primary or adjuvant therapy
-improving overall response or increase disease-free survival when used in combination with
conventional therapies
-controlling or stabilizing disease
-maintaining or enhancing quality of life
-decreasing the severity of toxicities from other therapies
Ligand - answer✔✔a substance that forms a complex with another biomolecule to exert a
biologic effect
Ligand Binding - answer✔✔process by which the ligand attaches to a specific receptor site and
activates that receptor, activating the signaling pathway
Dimerization - answer✔✔two monomers that are side-by-side on the surface of the cell are
paired and activated by a ligand, which causes a series of signals
Kinase - answer✔✔type of enzyme that adds chemicals called phosphates to other molecules
such as sugars or proteins causing other molecules in the cell to become either active or inactive
phosphorylation - answer✔✔activation of a chemical process to initiate signaling
targeted therapies work by doing the following - answer✔✔1. blocking angiogenesis
2. blocking signals inside or outside the cell
BCR/ABL - answer✔✔-fusion protein tyrosine kinase formed with a gene translocation occurs
between gene 9 and 22-gene abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome seen in CML and
ALL
VEGF - answer✔✔this is the primary angiogenic factor produced by cells
mTOR - answer✔✔-target of rapamycin-a protein that tells cells when to grow, divide, and
survive
Two ways that angiogenesis inhibitors work - answer✔✔1. some intergere with action of VEGF
which stimulates n ew blood vessel formation2. others target their molecules that stimulate new
blood vessel growth
Small Molecule Compound Targeted Therapies - answer✔✔-end in -ib-targets located inside the
cell because these gents are able to enter cells more easily-intracellular-most given orally
Monoclonal Antibody Targeted Therapy - answer✔✔- end in -mab-relatively large in size and
therefore usually cannot enter cells-extracellular or transmembrane-man made version of
antibodies that are designed to attack a very specific target on cancer cells-usually from mice
Targeted Therapy NCI definition - answer✔✔a type of treatment that uses drugs or other
substances to identify/attack specific types of cancer cells with less harm to normal cells. Some
therapies block the action of certain enzymes, proteins, or other molecules in growth/spread of
cancer cells. Other therapies work with immune system to kill cancer cells/deliver toxic
substances directly to cancer cell and kill them
Receptor - answer✔✔molecule inside/on surface of cell that binds to specific substance and
causes a specific effect in cell
Monomer - answer✔✔molecule that can join with other identical monomers to form larger
structure called polymer
Signaling Pathway - answer✔✔(also signaling cascade) chain of events that occurs in the
cytoplasm of the cell to propagate the signal from the plasma membrane to produce a response
Targets of targeted therapy - answer✔✔-Extracellular
-Intracellular
-transmembrane
Extracellular - answer✔✔target receptors on the outside of the cell
Intracellular - answer✔✔target/interfere with processes inside the cell
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