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Psych 107 Chapter 8-13 Summary

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Chapter 8-13 Review - Summary Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. *Essential Study Material!! *For you, at a price that's fair enough!!

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  • Chapter 8-13
  • September 5, 2024
  • 4
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
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Key terms for chapters 8 – 13

Chapter 8 difference or relationship (EXACT
OPPOSITE FROM NULL)
Hypothesis test: a stat method that uses
 Has effect on the DV
sample data to evaluate a hypothesis about a
Alpha Level or the Level of Significance:
population probability value that is used to define the
 Including assumptions and steps
concept of “very unlikely” in a hypothesis
1. State the null hypothesis and
test
select an alpha level. Also
Critical Region: composed of the extreme
state an alternative
sample values that are very unlikely (defined
hypothesis.
by alpha level) to be obtained if null is true
2. Locate the critical region.
 Boundaries are determined by the
3. Collect the data and compute
alpha level
the test statistic. (sample
Type I Error: occurs when a researcher
mean transformed into a z-
rejects a null hypothesis that is ACTUALLY
score)
TRUE
Type II Error: occurs when a researcher
fails to reject a null hypothesis that is
 REALLY FALSE
 Significant or Statistically Significant:
when a result is VERY UNLIKELY to occur
when the null hypothesis is true
 Factors that affect significance
4. Make a decision based on if Beta: the probability of a type II error that
the z-score is in the critical cannot be specified as a single value and
region or not. depends in part on the size of the treatment
 If it is in critical effect
region, reject H0 and Directional tests:
conclude that the One-tailed: the statistical hypothesis (H0
treatment has changed and H1) specify either an increase or
the pop. mean. decrease in the population mean
 If it isn’t in the  Make a statement about the direction
critical region, fail to of the effect
reject H0 because the Two-tailed tests:
data are not Effect size: intended to provide a
significantly different measurement of the absolute magnitude of a
from the null. treatment effect, independent of side of
Null hypothesis: states that in general sample(s) being used
population, there is no change, difference or  Factors that affect effect size
relationship (EXACT OPPOSITE FROM Cohen’s d: one of the simplest and direct
ALT.) methods of measuring effect size
 Has no effect on the DV
Alternative hypothesis: states that in
general population, there IS change,

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