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PHCY 500- Chapter 1 Cardiovascular Exam Study Guide
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PHCY 500- Chapter 1Cardiovascular Exam Study
Guide
What are arteries? - Answer Vessels carrying blood away from the heart.
What are veins? - Answer Vessels carrying blood from body organs and tissues toward
the heart.
What are atria? - Answer Upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins.
What are ventricles? - Answer Lower chambers of the heart that receive blood from
atria and act as pumping chambers.
What is the tricuspid valve? - Answer The valve that controls the one-way flow of blood
from the right atria to the right ventricle.
What is the bicuspid valve? - Answer The valve that controls the one-way flow of blood
from the left atria to the left ventricle. Also called the mitral valve.
What is the mitral valve? - Answer Same as the bicuspid valve.
What is the pulmonary valve? - Answer The valve that controls the one-way flow of blood
from the right ventricle to the lungs.
What is the aortic valve? - Answer The valve that controls the one-way flow of blood from
the left ventricle to systemic circulation.
What is heart rate (HR)? - Answer The rate of heart contraction, expressed as beats per
minute.
What is stroke volume (SV)? - Answer The volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle
each time the heart beats.
What is cardiac output (CO)? - Answer The volume of blood pumped out of each
ventricle per minute. It is the product of heart rate and stroke volume.
What is sympathetic tone? - Answer Part of the nervous system that stimulates the
body's fight-or-flight response. It increases heart rate, strength of contraction, and
electrical conduction.
What is positive chronotropy? - Answer Increase in heart rate.
What is positive inotropy? - Answer Increase in strength of contraction.
, What is positive dromotropy? - Answer Increase in electrical conduction.
What is parasympathetic tone? - Answer Part of the nervous system that stimulates the
body's 'rest and digest' response.
What does parasympathetic tone do to heart rate? - Answer Decreases heart rate
(negative chronotropy).
What does parasympathetic tone do to strength of contraction? - Answer Decreases
strength of contraction (negative inotropy).
What does parasympathetic tone do to electrical conduction? - Answer Decreases
electrical conduction (negative dromotropy).
What neurotransmitter is involved in parasympathetic tone? - Answer Acetylcholine.
What is total peripheral resistance (TPR)? - Answer The friction that impedes blood flow.
What is resistance (R)? - Answer The friction that impedes blood flow.
What is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)? - Answer Resistance to blood flow offered
by all of the systemic vasculature.
What is systole? - Answer The time during which the ventricles contract and eject blood.
What happens to the aortic and pulmonic valves during systole? - Answer They open to
permit ejection into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
What happens to the atrioventricular valves during systole? - Answer They are closed,
preventing blood from entering the ventricles.
Does blood continue to enter the atria during systole? - Answer Yes, blood continues to
enter the atria through the vena cavae and pulmonary veins.
Diastole - Answer Period of ventricular relaxation, blood flows passively from atriums to
ventricles.
Systolic Pressure - Answer Maximal aortic pressure after ejection of blood.
Diastolic Pressure - Answer Lowest pressure in the aorta before ventricular ejection.
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - Answer Weighted average of systolic and diastolic blood
pressure.
P-wave - Answer Wave of atrial depolarization on an EKG.
QRS Complex - Answer Wave of ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization on
an EKG.
T-wave - Answer Wave of ventricular repolarization on an EKG.
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