Which of the following is the basis on which a patient's chance of survival is maximized?
A. Preferences
B. Phases
C. Principles
D. Transport - Answer- Question 3: C
The science of medicine provides the principles of medical care. Simply stated, principles define the duties required of the p...
1. Which of the following requires you to develop a plan of action, initiate the plan, reassess the plan as
care for the patient moves forward, and adjust the plan as the patient's condition or circumstances change?
A. Principles of PHTLS
B. The Golden Period
C. The XABCDE assessment
D. Critical thinking process - Answer- Question 1: D
To help achieve the PHTLS goals, you will apply your critical thinking skills in the field. Critical thinking
in medicine is a process in which the healthcare practitioner assesses the situation, the patient, and the
resources available and uses the information to decide on and provide the best care for the patient.
2. When using the XABCDE assessment, which of the following takes precedence over all other actions?
A. Controlling severe bleeding from a limb or other compressible site
B. Airway stabilization and assessing circulatory status
C. Exposing the body to allow a thorough evaluation
D. Ensuring adequate breathing - Answer- Question 2: A
The "X" placed before "ABCDE" in the primary survey refers to the need to address exsanguinating
hemorrhage immediately after establishing scene safety and before addressing airway. Severe
exsanguinating hemorrhage, particularly arterial bleeding, has the potential to lead to loss of total or near
total blood volume in a relatively short period of time.
3. Which of the following is the basis on which a patient's chance of survival is maximized?
A. Preferences
B. Phases
C. Principles
D. Transport - Answer- Question 3: C
,The science of medicine provides the principles of medical care. Simply stated, principles define the
duties required of the prehospital care practitioner in optimizing patient survival and outcome.
A 27 year old female has multi system trauma. Which life threat is your first priority? - Answer-
Significant external hemorrhage
Which type of skull fracture will cause leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the ears and nose? - Answer-
Basilar
A 78 year old female was involved in a minor car crash. She is shivering and exhibits repetitive
questioning. She is a type II diabetic and takes a daily anticoagulant. What should your initial treatment
be? - Answer- Move patient to a warm environment
A 14 year old male suffered from helmet-to-helmet contact during a football game followed by a 30
second period of unconsciousness. Initial exam shows that he is awake but slow to respond. He is
nauseated and has a headache. He becomes unresponsive during transport. Examination of the pupils
reveals a left pupil that is dilated and not reactive. What type of hemorrhage should you suspect? -
Answer- Epidural
An 80 year old female fell down a flight of stairs 3 days ago. Today the family reports she has a headache
and is "going in and out of consciousness." Vital signs are BP 170/72, R 26 and irregular, HR 62, BGL
150 mg/dL (8.3 mol/L). What should you suspect? - Answer- Subdural hematoma
An adult patient was involved in a motorcycle accident. Why should you remove his or her helmet? -
Answer- To manage the airway
A 28 year old male fell from his motorcycle during a low speed accident. He removed his own helmet
after the accident. He has an open left femur fracture with severe external bleeding from the wound. What
should you do? - Answer- Apply direct pressure to the wound
An adult patient has an open angulated injury to the left lower leg. Distal pulses are absent. Why would
you attempt to realign the extremity? - Answer- Restore blood flow
, 4. Which of the following is a goal of the Golden Period?
A. Provide written documentation from field care to receiving hospital.
B. Expedite the field care and transport of the patient.
C. Use a team approach for optimal patient care.
D. Use the XABCDE approach to patient assessment. - Answer- Question 4: B
One of your most importantresponsibilities as a prehospital carepractitioner is to spend as little time onthe
scene as possible and expedite yourfield care and transport of the patient.Studies show that the time from
injuryto arrival at the appropriate site fordefinitive care is critical to survival.
5. You are called to the scene of a possible mass casualty motor vehicle collision on the highway. Once
you arrive on scene, what is your first priority?
A. Immediately begin triaging patients.
B. Treat the patient with the most visible blood loss.
C. Determine the need for additional resources.
D. Assess the scene and ensure it is safe. - Answer- Question 1: D
Ensure safety for responders, bystanders, and patient(s). The first consideration when approaching any
scene is the safety of all emergency responders. When EMS personnel become victims, they not only can
no longer assist others, but also add to the number of patients.
6. A trauma patient from the highway incident is holding her right arm, and you note a significant amount
of blood steadily flowing from a long gash. This is an example of what type of hemorrhage?
A. Capillary bleeding
B. Venous bleeding
C. Arterial bleeding
D. Road rash - Answer- Question 2: B
Venous bleeding typically results in a steady flow of dark red blood.
7. What is the best way to control the bleeding?
A. Direct pressure
B. Elevation of the arm above the heart
C. Tourniquet
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