NUR 226 final Questions| With Complete Solutions
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Immunity functions
defense-blocks entry, recognizes non-self and mounts response
homeostasis- prepares body to fight infection, aids in healing
surveillance- immune cells circulate through body and identify
microorganisms that shouldn't be there.
where is the production of lymphocytes
bone marrow and thymus
where are lymphocytes activated?
lymphoid organs
Innate (natural) immunity
no need for exposure to antigen to mount a response
,examples of innate (natural) immunity
NK cells, neutrophils, macrophages, first line defenses
specific/adaptive/acquired immunity
respond effectively on 2nd exposure to antigen
examples of specific/adaptive/acquired immunity
B and T lymphocytes
What are MHC proteins?
proteins used to discriminate between self and non-self, cluster of
genes of chromosome 6, 2 major classes. important for blood typing
and organ transplant.
what retains memory of invaders in specific adaptive immunity?
b-cells (humeral) and T-cells (cell-mediated)
what do b-cells do?
,mature to plasma cells after antigen exposure, can produce antibodies,
require help fromT-helper cells, antigen presenting cell, have memory
what do t-cells do?
differentiate between killer and cytotoxic cells, kill cancer cells.
describe cell-mediated immunity?
T helper cells (CD4) recognize foreign antigen from antigen presenting
cells that are bound to MHC II proteins. Cytotoxic cells (CD8) recognize
foreign antigen bound to MHC I proteins. Attacks invaders directly.
what happens if a person has a low CD4 count?
they are immunocompromised?
Humoral immunity (B-cell types)
memory cells- antigen recognition; cells that remember exposure to
antigen
plasma cells-IgA, IgD, IgH, IgG; cells that secrete antibodies
, what antibodies are found in the plasma?
IgG and IgE
antibody IgG
most common, 75-80%, protects against bacterial and viral infections
from previous infection or vaccination.
IgM antibodies
10% activates compliment for cytotoxic functions. from early or recent
infections.
IgA antibodies
secretory functions, protects against infections
IgD antibodies
trace amounts in serum, more on B-cells, stimulates B-cells to multiply
and differentiate.
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