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Advanced Trauma Life support ATLS 2024 Exam With Questions And Verified Answers
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Advanced Trauma Life support ATLS 2024 Exam WithQuestions And Verified Answers
definition of;
- multiple casualties
- mass casualties
- incidents in which nr of pat and severity of injuries do not exceed capability of facility to
render care
- nr of pat and severity of their injuries exceed capability of facility and staff
term;
upward deflection after QRS complex in a patient with hypothermia
J (Osborn) wave
A, B, C and D can be quickly assessed by clinicians in a trauma pat, how, within 10 sec
evaluation
introduce themselves, ask pat for his or her name, and ask what happened
GCS
fracture of the larynx, triad of clinical signs
hoarseness
subcutaneous emphysema
palpable fracture
,Laryngeal Trauma, triad of clinical signs
hoarseness
subcutaneous emphysema
palpable fracture
Laryngeal Trauma, method for securing airway
intubation, flexible endoscopic intubation
emergency tracheostomy, followed by operative repair
cricothyroidotomy
objective signs of airway obstruction
agitation (hypoxia), obtunded (hypercarbia), cyanosis (hypoxemia), use of accessory mm
noisy breathing (obstructed), snoring, gurgling, stridor (partial occlusion), hoarseness
(functional laryngeal obstruction)
abusive and belligerent (hypoxic)
term;
flaccidity and loss of reflexes that occur immediately after spinal cord injury, after a
period of time, spasticity ensues
spinal shock
neurogenic shock,
2 types of medications which may be useful
vasopressors
atropine
seesaw pattern of breathing, typically indicates what damage?
damage to cervical spinal cord below C3 → maintenance of diaphragmatic function but
loss of IC and abd. mm contribution to resp.
,(abdominal breathing or diaphragmatic breathing)
examples of ventilation compromise causes if clearing airway does not improve pat's
breathing
- pain with breathing
- intracranial injury
- cervical spinal cord injury
failure to recognize inadequate ventilation,
how do we prevent this?
- monitor pat RR and work of breathing
- ABG or VBGs
- continuous capnograms
LEMON assessment for difficult intubation
L= look externally
E= evaluate 3-3-2 rule
M= Mallampati
, O= obstruction
N= neck mobility
indications for a definitive airway
what is the 3-3-2 rule during intubation?
relationships;
distance between incisor should be at least 3 finger breadths
distance between hyoid bone and chin should be at least 3 finger breadths
distance between thyroid notch and floor of mouth should be at least 2 finger breadths
Mallampati classifications
I- soft palate, uvula, fauces, pillars completely visible
II- soft palate, uvula, fauces partially visible
III- soft palate, base of uvula visible
IV- hard palate only visible
airway decision scheme
(schematic representation for choosing appropriate route of airway management)
chin-lift maneuver
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