PHCY 502_ Class 8_Cardiovascular
System Part 2 - HTN, HF Exam Study
Guide
Stroke Volume - Answer the volume of blood ejected in one heart beat
Cardiac Output - Answer stroke volume x heart rate
Hypertrophy - Answer an increase in size of cells leading to an increase in size of an
organ or tissue
Ejection Fraction - Answer how well the heart ejects blood that enters the ventricles
(amount pumped out/amount in chamber)
Circadian - Answer a natural, biological cycle which repeats every 24 hours and
regulates several body systems
Echocardiogram - Answer a noninvasive procedure which uses sound waves to produce
an image of the heart
Edema - Answer swelling caused by excess fluid buildup in a certain part of the body's
tissues
Cardiomyopathy - Answer a condition in which the cardiac muscle is thick, rigid, or
enlarged, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood effectively
Murmur (heart) - Answer an extra or abnormal sound heard during the heart beat
indicating turbulent blood flow
Dyspnea - Answer short of breath
Chronotropy - Answer rate of heart contraction
Inotropy - Answer force of heart contraction
Autoregulation - Answer a process whereby a change in the body is compensated for by
unconscious response(s) by tissues in the body (e.g., baroreceptor reflex)
Systemic vascular resistance - Answer how much force circulating blood has on vessel
walls throughout the body
Retinopathy - Answer damage to the blood vessels supplying the retina, leading to
blindness
Nephropathy - Answer damage to the blood vessels supplying the kidneys, leading to
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