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Data Analytics for Accounting

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Data Analytics for Accounting

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  • September 6, 2024
  • 7
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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SOLUTION MANUAL For Data Analytics for Accounting, 3rd
Edition by Vernon Richardson, Verified Chapters 1 - 9,
Complete Newest Version
What is a population? - ANSWER: Includes all of the entities that are of interest in a
study (people, households, machines)

What is a sample? - ANSWER: a subset of the population, often randomly chosen and
hopefully representative of the population as a whole.

What is a data set? - ANSWER: usually a rectangular array of data, with variables in
columns and observations in rows

What is a variable (or field or attribute)? - ANSWER: A characteristic of elements of a
data set, such as height, gender, or salary - Columns

What is an observation (or case or record)? - ANSWER: a list of all variable values for
a single element of a data set - row

What is continuous data? - ANSWER: Continuous data are not restricted to defined
separate values (always numeric... examples include salary, time, weight, height

When is a variable numerical? - ANSWER: if meaningful arithmetic can be performed
on it.

What are the two types of numeric variables? - ANSWER: discrete and continuous

What us discrete numerical variables? - ANSWER: It is discrete if it results from a
count, such as the # of children.

These numbers do not go out into infinity

What are non-numerical variables called? - ANSWER: categorical

How many types of categorical variables are there? - ANSWER: two

Ordinal

Nominal

What is an ordinal categorical variables ? - ANSWER: if there is a natural ordering of
its possible values

EX: Credit ratings: AAA, AA, BBB

, What are nominal categorical variables? - ANSWER: If there is no natural ordering

EX: U.S. States

What are the three types of data sets? - ANSWER: Cross-sectional

Times series

Panel data

What is a cross-sectional data set? - ANSWER: datasets that contain MULTIPLE
ELEMENTS of a POPULATION at a SINGLE POINT IN TIME.

EX: the assets of each firms in the S&P 500 in the year 2000

What is a time series data set? - ANSWER: datasets are collected over time for a
single element of the population.

EX: the assets of a single firm from the years 2015-2020

What is a panel data - data set? - ANSWER: A cross-sectional and times series
combined

What is the symbol for sample mean? - ANSWER: x̄

What is the symbol for population mean? - ANSWER: μ

What is percentile? - ANSWER: for any percentile p, the pth percentile is the value
such that a percentage p pf all values is less than it

EX: if you are in the 95th percentile, 95% percent of people were less than you

What is a quartile? - ANSWER: dividing the data into four parts, each with
approximately a quarter of all observations

What are the quartile rankings? - ANSWER: Top quartile (1st) = top 25%
Bottom quartile (4th) = bottom 25%

When looking for the top quartile in excel, remember..... - ANSWER: You are looking
for >3 quartiles

AKA greater than the three bottom quartiles

What is an issue with applying mathematical operations when advance filtering in
place? - ANSWER: It will be conducted on all observations even the ones that have
been filtered out

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