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Chapter 7 - Sensory Systems, Perception, and Attention
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Chapter 7 - Sensory Systems, Perception, and Attention
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Chapter 7 - Sensory Systems, Perception,and Attention STUDY TEST GUIDE
exteroceptive sensory systems - ANS the five sensory systems that interpret stimuli
from outside the body: vision, hearing, touch, smell, taste.
sensation - ANS the process of detecting the presence of stimuli
perception - ANS the higher-order process of integrating/recognizing/interpreting
patterns of sensation
primary sensory cortex of a system - ANS receives direct input from thalamic relay
nuclei of that system
secondary sensory cortex of a system - ANS receives input from primary sensory
cortex and other areas of secondary sensory cortex
association cortex of a system - ANS any area of cortex that receives input from more
than one sensory system. most from secondary sensory cortices
hierarchal organization - ANS sensory structures are organized in a hierarchy on the
basis of the specificity and complexity of their function. each level receives input from
lower level, adds another layer of analysis, then passes it up
destruction of a sensory system's receptors results in: - ANS complete loss of ability to
perceive in that sensory modality
destruction of an association area or secondary sensory cortex results in: - ANS
complex and specific sensory deficits but fundamental sensory abilities remain intact
(man that mistook wife for a hat)
functional segregation - ANS levels of cerebral cortex (primary, secondary, and
association) are functionally distinct areas that specialize in different kinds of analysis
parallel processing - ANS simultaneous analysis of a signal in different ways by the
multiple parallel pathways of a neural network
, parallel systems - ANS sensory systems represent this as information flows through
the components over multiple pathways
top-down signals - ANS Sensory neurons that carry information in the opposite
direction, from higher to lower levels in sensory systems
what are sounds? - ANS vibrations of air molecules that stimulate the auditory system
what are pure tones? - ANS sine wave vibrations that can really only be created in a
lab
what are complex patterns of vibrations? - ANS how sound is perceived in real life
Fourier analysis - ANS mathematical produce of breaking complex waves into sine
waves
frequency and pitch in pure tones - ANS very close relationship between the two
frequency and pitch in natural sounds - ANS complex relationship due to the fact that
these sounds are composed of a mixture of frequencies
fundamental frequency - ANS frequency that is the highest common divisor for various
component frequencies in natural sounds
tympanic membrane - ANS eardrum
ossicles - ANS malleus (mallet), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)
oval window - ANS membrane at the enterance to the cochlea through which the
ossicles transmit vibrations to cochlear fluid
cochlea - ANS a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound
waves trigger nerve impulses
organ of Corti - ANS internal structure found inside cochlea. composed of two
membranes: basilar and tectorial
basilar membrane - ANS auditory receptors and hair cells are mounted on here
tectorial membrane - ANS rests on top of the hair cells
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