MARYVILLE PATHO NURS 611 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024/2025 GRADED A+
,MARYVILLE PATHO NURS 611 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024/2025 GRADED A+
Which body system is responsible for conserving energy and body resources - ANSWER
Parasympathetic nervous system
which system responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself - ANSWER
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) - ANSWER blood
flow to the muscles is increased while blood flow to GI and integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified - ANSWER focal or diffuse (aka multifocal)
focal brain injuries - ANSWER specific, grossly observable brain lesions that occur in a
precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
diffuse brain injuries - ANSWER include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis,
and damage to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral dysfunction:
Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
autonomic hyperreflexia - ANSWER affected at the t5-t6 level or above; characterized by
paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating
above the level of the lesion with flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection
caused by pilomotor spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia - ANSWER individual most likely to
be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia - ANSWER bradycardia
(30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact ANS
reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure. Baroreceptors in
the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the HTN and stimulate the PNS.
The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and peripheral vessels do not dilate because
efferent impulses cannot pass through the cord
, MARYVILLE PATHO NURS 611 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024/2025 GRADED A+
Alzheimer's disease - ANSWER leading cause of dementia and one of the most common
causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease - ANSWER age, family history
what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease - ANSWER low calorie
diets, estrogen replacement at time of menopause, NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the
presence of apoE2
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD - ANSWER PSEN 1
(presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP (amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome
21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given - ANSWER postmortem examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke - ANSWER hypertension (87% of
occurrences)
what are common risk factors for stroke - ANSWER arterial HTN, insulin resistance and DM,
elevated cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein (HDL), elevated lipoprotein- A level,
hyperhomocysteinemia, congestive heart disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis,
polycythemia and thrombocythemia, a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy, high sodium
intake above 2300mg, low potassium intake less than 4700mg, smoking, lack of physical
activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a bacterial/viral infection
such as respiratory or GI illness (ex: flu) - ANSWER Guillain-Barre syndrome
Describe the progression of Guillain-Barre symptoms - ANSWER typical first manifestations
are numbness, pain, paresthesias, or weakness in the limbs. Paresis/paralysis may present in
an ascending pattern
when can improvement be expected with Guillain-Barre - ANSWER weakness usually
plateaus or improves by the 4th week in 90% of cases
Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWER a chronic autoimmune disease that is mediated by Ach
receptor antibodies that act at the neuromuscular junction. The antibodies prevent normal
reception for muscle contraction
myasthenia gravis clinical manifestations - ANSWER -exertional fatigue and weakness that
worsens with activity, improves with rest, and recurs with resumption of activity
-a recent history of recurring upper resp tract infections
