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NR546 Midterm Exam with correct answers.
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NR546 Midterm Exam with correct answersWhat |should |the |PMHNP |consider |when |prescribing |chemical |restraints? |- |correct |answer--
allergy |status
-prior |med |hx |for |adverse |drug |reactions |r/t |the |meds |ordered |in |the |chemical |restraint
-state |regulations |regarding |chemical |restrains |must |be |reviewed
Are |the |PMHNP |and |other |staff |liable |if |the |client |has |an |allergic |reaction |or |adverse |side |
effects |to |the |drugs |used |for |chemical |restraint? |- |correct |answer-No.
The |client |has |been |court-ordered |to |take |the |prescribed |medications |and |the |standing |order |
for |chemical |restraints |is |approved. |The |PMHNP |and |other |staff |are |not |liable |if |the |patient |
has |an |allergic |reaction |or |adverse |side |effects.
How |does |reviewing |the |genetic |makeup |of |a |client |help |guide |the |PMHNP |in |selecting |
medication |for |clients? |- |correct |answer--Genetic |testing |can |assist |by |providing |more |
information |on |how |clients |may |respond |to |certain |psychotropic |medications
-provides |information |on |how |a |client |may |break |down |and |metabolize |medications |based |on
|the |cytochrome |P450 |system.
Tanrıkulu |and |Erbaş |(2020) |investigated |identical |twins |to |determine |the |presence |of |an |
inherited |link |for |schizophrenia |and |why |one |twin |may |develop |schizophrenia |when |the |
other |does |not. |When |two |people |have |100% |identical |DNA, |why |don't |both |persons |develop |
the |exact |illnesses? |Studies |of |identical |Danish |twins |found |that |if |one |twin |had |
schizophrenia, |the |other |twin |had |a |50% |lifetime |risk |of |developing |schizophrenia |(Lemvigh |
et |al., |2020). |Why |is |there |only |half |the |risk? |- |correct |answer-Both |environmental |and |
psychosocial |stressors |can |impact |mental |health. |Although |twins |may |have |identical |genes, |
their |gene |expression |may |be |different.
There |may |be |an |environmental |exposure |that |turned |a |gene |"on" |that |should |have |been |"off" |
for |one |twin |to |develop |schizophrenia |and |not |the |other.
,central |sulcus |- |correct |answer-separates |the |frontal |lobe |from |the |parietal |lobe
frontal |lobe |- |correct |answer-associated |with |movement, |intelligence, |abstract |thinking
broca's |area |- |correct |answer-speech |production
temporal |lobe |- |correct |answer-involves |object |identification |and |auditory |signals
cerebellum |- |correct |answer-coordination
wernicke's |area |- |correct |answer-speech |comprehension
occipital |lobe |- |correct |answer-primary |visual |area
parietal |lobe |- |correct |answer-keeps |us |alert |to |what |is |going |on |around |us
sensory |cortex |- |correct |answer-pain, |heat, |and |other |sensations
motor |cortex |- |correct |answer-movement
hippocampus |- |correct |answer-involved |in |both |memory |and |anxiety
nucleus |accumbens |- |correct |answer-involved |in |the |reward |process
thalamus |- |correct |answer-involved |in |sensory |organ |and |motor |command |processing
,striatum |- |correct |answer-involved |in |complex |motor |actions, |also |links |cognition |to |motor |
actions
limbic |system |- |correct |answer-includes |circuits |that |are |associated |with |pleasure |and |reward
basal |ganglia |- |correct |answer-group |of |structures |involved |in |voluntary |motor |movements
amygdala |- |correct |answer-involved |in |emotional |regulation |and |perception |of |odors
corpus |callosum |- |correct |answer-controls |the |communication |between |the |two |brain |
hemispheres
white |matter |- |correct |answer-contains |nerve |fibers |that |connect |neurons |from |different |
regions |into |functional |circuits
grey |matter |- |correct |answer-contains |nerve |cells |and |dendrites
brain |tissue |- |correct |answer-made |up |of |grey |matter |and |white |matter
dorsal |striatum |- |correct |answer-involved |in |complex |motor |actions |and |linkage |of |cognition |
to |motor |actions
-main |input |area |for |basal |ganglia
*activated |when |anticipating |or |engaging |in |pleasure
The |field |of |epigenetics |is |rapidly |growing |and |can |help |explain |how |gene |expression |is: |- |
correct |answer-influenced |by |environmental |factors |and |how |epigenetics |contributes |to |the |
manifestation |of |mental |illness
, How |does |epigenetics |impact |a |person's |mental |health? |- |correct |answer-internal |or |external |
factors |activate |portions |of |the |genome |that |result |in |the |manifestation |of |mental |health |
symptoms
-activation |is |often |a |result |of |a |stressful |event, |which, |when |combined |with |the |genetic |risk, |
results |in |the |disease
-genes |being |on |or |off
-occurrence |of |symptoms |may |be |the |result |of |inheritance |of |an |abnormal |gene |or |of |normal |
genes |being |"on" |when |they |should |be |"off."
Types |of |epigenetic |changes: |- |correct |answer-DNA |Methylation
Histone |modification
Non-coding |RNA
The |potential |legal |and |ethical |issues |impacting |mental |health |treatment |must |also |be |taken |
into |account, |including: |- |correct |answer--informed |consent
-competence |to |make |healthcare |decisions
-off-label |prescribing
Informed |consent |- |correct |answer-Clients |have |the |right |to |receive |enough |information |to |
make |decisions |about |treatment. |
-must |also |be |informed |about |potential |risks |associated |with |medications. |
-have |the |right |to |refuse |treatment
-cannot |be |forcibly |medicated |in |non-emergencies. |However, |clients |can |be |forcibly |
medicated |if |they |are |violent |toward |themselves |or |others |and |when |less |restrictive |methods |
have |failed
Compliance |- |correct |answer-A |court |order |may |be |issued |for |a |client |to |receive |treatment |
against |their |wishes |if |they |are |considered |a |danger |to |themselves |or |others.
-Examples: |clients |with |schizophrenia |or |sex |offenders
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