NUR 325 EXAM 2 NEWEST ACTUAL
EXAM 2024-2025 QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES | A+ STUDYGUIDE 2025
Which pathophysiologic process is occurring in an
individual with reflux esophagitis?
A. Congenital anomaly of the esophagus
B. Dysplasia of the epithelial lining of the esophagus
C. Autoimmune destruction of the esophageal mucosa
D. Inflammatory response to gastric contents in the
esophagus Correct Answer D. Inflammatory response to
gastric contents in the esophagus
An individual has portal hypertension with ascites. Which
pathophysiologic process for
ascites is correct?
A. Bacteria causes inflammation that decreases
mesenteric capillary permeability.
B. Esophageal varices form in the lower esophagus,
placing pressure on arteries.
C. Reduced hepatic lymph production causes weeping
into the peritoneal cavity.
D. Hepatic capillary hydrostatic pressure exceeds hepatic
capillary osmotic pressure. Correct Answer D. Hepatic
capillary hydrostatic pressure exceeds hepatic capillary
osmotic pressure.
,Portal hypertension and reduced serum albumin
levels cause capillary hydrostatic pressure to exceed
capillary osmotic pressure. Lymph production is
increased, not decreased. Bacteria cause an
inflammatory response
that increases, not decreases, mesenteric capillary
permeability. Esophageal varices do not cause ascites
but can cause bleeding.
Which assessment finding confirms the diagnosis of
hematochezia?
A. Bloody vomitus
B. Bright red stools
C. Presence of tarry stools
D. Low urine output that is cloudy Correct Answer B.
Bright red stools
Which term is used for black, sticky, tarry, foul-smelling
stools from digested dark blood?
A. Melena
B. Coffee ground
C. Hematochezia
D. Occult bleeding Correct Answer A. Melena
Which statement describes early symptoms of ovarian
cancer?
A. Early ovarian cancer can be detected by a Pap smear.
,B. Early ovarian cancer does not have any signs and
symptoms.
C. Early symptoms of ovarian cancer include abdominal
pain, constipation, and irregular periods.
D. Early symptoms of ovarian cancer include infertility,
protruding abdomen, and constipation. Correct Answer B.
Early ovarian cancer does not have any signs and
symptoms.
Which assessment findings are concerning and would
prompt further evaluation for breast
cancer? Select all that apply.
A. Painless lump in the breast
B. Enlarged axillary lymph nodes
C. Dimpling of the skin on the breast
D. Abnormal discharge from the nipple
E. Breast pain timed with the menstrual cycle Correct
Answer A. Painless lump in the breast
B. Enlarged axillary lymph nodes
C. Dimpling of the skin on the breast
D. Abnormal discharge from the nipple
The first sign of breast cancer is usually a painless
lump. Other presenting signs include palpable nodes
in the axilla, retraction of tissue (dimpling), or bone
pain caused by metastasis to the vertebrae. Abnormal
discharge from the nipple can be a sign of breast
cancer. Breast pain timed with the menstrual cycle is
not characteristic of breast cancer and is usually a
normal finding.
, Which condition is associated with human papillomavirus
(HPV) infection of the cervix?
A. Cervical atrophy
B. Cervical dysplasia
C. Cervical hyperplasia
D. Cervical hypertrophy Correct Answer B. Cervical
dysplasia
Infection with high-risk (oncogenic) types of HPV
(predominantly types 16 and 18) is a necessary
precursor to
development of the precancerous dysplasia of the
cervix that leads to invasive cancer. Atrophy is
caused by
chronic ischemia, decreased hormonal or neural
stimulation, or decreased workload (disuse).
Hyperplasia is caused by increased stimulation by
hormones or growth factors. Hypertrophy is caused
by increased workload.
Which information should be included about clinical
manifestations when writing an
education pamphlet about the early detection of breast
cancer? Select all that apply.
A. Amenorrhea
B. Skin retraction
C. Orange-peel skin
D. Nipple discharge
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