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PHCY 402 - Penicillins Exam Latest Update $11.99   Add to cart

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PHCY 402 - Penicillins Exam Latest Update

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PHCY 402 - Penicillins Exam Latest Update ...

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  • September 6, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • PHCY 402
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PHCY 402 - Penicillins Exam
Latest Update

Alexander Fleming - Answer Who discovered penicillin?

beta lactam - Answer What is considered the 'heart' of penicillin's pharmacophore?

it is not stabilized by resonance - Answer Why is beta lactam so reactive?

chyrsogenum makes a precursor (6-APA) that has a penam nucleus with the correct
stereochemistry - Answer Why did we change from using penicillin notatum to penicillin
chyrsogenum?

8 - Answer A pH above __ would open the B-lactam ring, making it inactive

5 - Answer A pH below __ would open the B-lactam ring, making it inactive

intramolecular - Answer in the presence of acid, penicillin G forms an intermediate
through the _____ reaction

false - Answer T/F: Pen G is commonly used PO

penicillin G - Answer most potent of all antibiotics against susceptible spp.

true (usually IV) - Answer T/F: penicillin G is used for more severe infections

positive - Answer Pen G is "cidal" to gram _____

staph (90% resistant; 50% are MRSA) - Answer Pen G is NOT used to treat ______
infections

urine (50-80%) - Answer Pen G is mostly excreted in the _____

30 min - Answer Pen G half life

probenecid (decreases the tubular secretion) - Answer Pen G can be given with _____ to
increase blood level by 2 fold

positive (more peptidoglycan layers) - Answer gram ___ has the thicker cell wall

true - Answer T/F: Pen G is too lipophilic to get through porin channels in the cell wall

prevents cell wall formation - Answer How does Pen G work on gram + bacteria

false (only inhibit actively dividing bacteria) - Answer T/F: Pen G can be used to destroy
a cell wall that has already been built

, NAG and NAM - Answer two types of sugars that repeat throughout the sequence of the
peptidoglycan layer

transpeptidase - Answer ____ enzyme interconnects the peptide chains; considered the
main target of penicillin

glucosyltransferase - Answer ___ enzymes connect the NAG-NAM amino sugars

racemase - Answer you need a ____ enzyme in order to form the important D-Ala-D-Ala
precursor

serine; amide bond - Answer B-lactam MOA: nuclephillic attack from the _____ in the
enzyme active site to hydrolyze the ____ of b-lactam

true - Answer T/F: penicillin becomes irreversibly bound to enzyme

true - Answer T/F: Beta-lactams mimic the -D-Ala-D-Ala enzyme substrate

true (penicillin binding proteins) - Answer T/F: Transpeptidase & B-lactamase are
considered PBPs

B-lactamase production - Answer most frequent form of penicillin resistance among
both Gm (+) and Gm (-) species

PBP2a - Answer modified PBP in MRSA that makes penicillin unable to bind

true (no side chain, no cytoplasmic membrane penetration) - Answer T/F: B-lactamase
inhibitors have no antibiotic activity

haptens - Answer penicillins act as ____, which means they react with body proteins to
form an allergen

serum sickness & anaphylaxis - Answer two possible reactions to penicillin toxicity

antihistamines & steroids - Answer treatment for serum sickness following penicillin
administration

epinephrine - Answer treatment for anaphylaxis following penicillin administration

false - Answer T/F: penicillin itself is an allergen

food & occupational hazard - Answer two ways of being exposed to penicillin &
developing allergies

K, Na - Answer two salt forms with Pen G formulations

0.5-2 million units - Answer typical dose of Pen G, IV treatment for severe infections

false (do not admix with other drugs) - Answer T/F: it is okay to inject other medications
in the same line as penicillin

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