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PHCY 402 - Penicillins Exam Latest Update
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PHCY 402 - Penicillins ExamLatest Update
Alexander Fleming - Answer Who discovered penicillin?
beta lactam - Answer What is considered the 'heart' of penicillin's pharmacophore?
it is not stabilized by resonance - Answer Why is beta lactam so reactive?
chyrsogenum makes a precursor (6-APA) that has a penam nucleus with the correct
stereochemistry - Answer Why did we change from using penicillin notatum to penicillin
chyrsogenum?
8 - Answer A pH above __ would open the B-lactam ring, making it inactive
5 - Answer A pH below __ would open the B-lactam ring, making it inactive
intramolecular - Answer in the presence of acid, penicillin G forms an intermediate
through the _____ reaction
false - Answer T/F: Pen G is commonly used PO
penicillin G - Answer most potent of all antibiotics against susceptible spp.
true (usually IV) - Answer T/F: penicillin G is used for more severe infections
positive - Answer Pen G is "cidal" to gram _____
staph (90% resistant; 50% are MRSA) - Answer Pen G is NOT used to treat ______
infections
urine (50-80%) - Answer Pen G is mostly excreted in the _____
30 min - Answer Pen G half life
probenecid (decreases the tubular secretion) - Answer Pen G can be given with _____ to
increase blood level by 2 fold
positive (more peptidoglycan layers) - Answer gram ___ has the thicker cell wall
true - Answer T/F: Pen G is too lipophilic to get through porin channels in the cell wall
prevents cell wall formation - Answer How does Pen G work on gram + bacteria
false (only inhibit actively dividing bacteria) - Answer T/F: Pen G can be used to destroy
a cell wall that has already been built
, NAG and NAM - Answer two types of sugars that repeat throughout the sequence of the
peptidoglycan layer
transpeptidase - Answer ____ enzyme interconnects the peptide chains; considered the
main target of penicillin
glucosyltransferase - Answer ___ enzymes connect the NAG-NAM amino sugars
racemase - Answer you need a ____ enzyme in order to form the important D-Ala-D-Ala
precursor
serine; amide bond - Answer B-lactam MOA: nuclephillic attack from the _____ in the
enzyme active site to hydrolyze the ____ of b-lactam
true - Answer T/F: penicillin becomes irreversibly bound to enzyme
true - Answer T/F: Beta-lactams mimic the -D-Ala-D-Ala enzyme substrate
true (penicillin binding proteins) - Answer T/F: Transpeptidase & B-lactamase are
considered PBPs
B-lactamase production - Answer most frequent form of penicillin resistance among
both Gm (+) and Gm (-) species
PBP2a - Answer modified PBP in MRSA that makes penicillin unable to bind
true (no side chain, no cytoplasmic membrane penetration) - Answer T/F: B-lactamase
inhibitors have no antibiotic activity
haptens - Answer penicillins act as ____, which means they react with body proteins to
form an allergen
serum sickness & anaphylaxis - Answer two possible reactions to penicillin toxicity
antihistamines & steroids - Answer treatment for serum sickness following penicillin
administration
epinephrine - Answer treatment for anaphylaxis following penicillin administration
false - Answer T/F: penicillin itself is an allergen
food & occupational hazard - Answer two ways of being exposed to penicillin &
developing allergies
K, Na - Answer two salt forms with Pen G formulations
0.5-2 million units - Answer typical dose of Pen G, IV treatment for severe infections
false (do not admix with other drugs) - Answer T/F: it is okay to inject other medications
in the same line as penicillin
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