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Pharmacology for Nurses A Pathophysiological Approach
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Pharmacology for Nurses A Pathophysiological Approach
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Pharmacology for Nurses A Pathophysiological Approach, 6thEdition TEST BANK by Michael P. Adams; Norman Holland,
Verified Chapters 1 - 50, Complete Newest Version
Pharmacology - ANSWER: Study of medicine; how drugs are administered; where
drugs travel in the body, Response that drugs produce.
Pharmacotherapy - ANSWER: is the application of drugs for: disease treatment;
alleviation of suffering.
Pharmacology is challenging and always changing. Many drugs prescribed for more
than one disease; Drugs elicit different responses depending on individual factors: -
ANSWER: Age, Sex, Body mass, health status, genetics
Complementary and Alternative therapies - ANSWER: Natural plant extracts, herbs,
vitamins, minerals, dietary, supplements. Physical therapy, manipulations, massage,
acupuncture, hypnosis, biofeedback
Therapeutic classification of drugs: - ANSWER: Based on therapeutic usefulness in
treating particular diseases or disorders.
Table 1.1 Therapeutic Classification
FOCUS: Cardiovascular Function
Usefulness: Influence blood clotting, lower blood cholesterol, lower blood pressure,
restore normal cardiac rhythm, treat angina.
Drug Classification: Anticoagulant, Antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive,
antidysrhythmic, antianginal.
Pharmacologic Classification - ANSWER: Based on the way a drug works at the
molecular, tissue, or body system level; Mechanism of action - How a drug produces
its physiological effect in the body.
Table 1.2 Pharmacologic Classification
FOCUSING ON THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION: PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR
HYPERTENSION
Mechanism of Action: Lowers plasma volume, blocks heart calcium channels, blocks
hormonal activity, blocks physiological reactions to stress, dilates peripheral blood
vessels
Drug Classification: Diuretic, Calcium Channel blocker, Angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitor, Adrenergic antagonist, vasodilator
, Most Drugs have three names - ANSWER: Chemical, Generic, Trade (CHEMICAL:
(1/2)-2-(p-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid; GENERIC: ibuprofen; TRADE: Motrin)
Generic vs. Trade-Name Drugs - ANSWER: It is difficult to tell a difference in effect
between two forms of a drug, even if dosage is the same; Inert (having no
pharmacological action, as the excipient of a pill) ingredients may be different.
Generic name of a drug is assigned by the US Adopted Name Council. Trade name is
assigned by the company marketing the drug, being proprietary (ownership).
Drugs before the 19th Century - ANSWER: Few standards or guidelines to protect the
public. Some drugs contained hazardous levels of dangerous substance and addictive
substances.
Formulary - ANSWER: 1st standard commonly used; list of drugs and drug recipes
U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) - ANSWER: 1820; 1st comprehensive publication
formulary used in the U.S.; drug purity, strength, and directions for synthesis.
USP and National Formulary (NF) - ANSWER: 1852-1975, two drug standards in the
US by the American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA). 1. USP - all drug products. 2.
National Formulary (NF) - pharmaceutical ingredients.
U.S. Pharacopoeia -National Formulary (USP-NF) - ANSWER: 1975 merged into a
single publication
Biologic Control Act - ANSWER: 1902 standardized serum and blood-related products
Pure Food and Drug Act - ANSWER: 1906 - Established government control (FDA) for
labeling
medicines
Shirley Amendment - ANSWER: 1912 - Prohibited drugs labeled with false
therapeutic
claims
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938) and amendments - ANSWER: 1938- Thorough
testing of drug; Proof of safety and efficacy of drug
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, 1994 - ANSWER: 1994-Controls
misleading industry claims
Black Box Warnings - ANSWER: One of the primary alerts for identifying
extreme adverse drug reactions discovered
during and after the review
process; 1997 FDA created "Black Box Warnings"
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