What are 3 reasons to survey?
-protect owner/builder against costly errors in measurement
-esatblish property/building lines
-where/how the structure is to be located
When are plot plans required?
before a permit is issued
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What are 3 reasons to survey? - ANSWER- -protect owner/builder against costly
errors in measurement
-esatblish property/building lines
-where/how the structure is to be located
When are plot plans required? - ANSWER- before a permit is issued
Plot plans show... - ANSWER- Shows the location of the structure and indicates
the distances to property lines
Purpose of leveling - ANSWER- For planning and layout
Leveling for planning is to... - ANSWER- To establish the necessary elevations to
develop plans for such structures as buildings, roads, terraces
Leveling for layout is to... - ANSWER- To assure the structure are built according
to the elevations shown on the plans
leveling instrument - ANSWER- A telescope containing both vehicle and
horizontal cords hairs an a spirit level (vial) to indicate when the instrument is
level
Types of leveling - ANSWER- Differential
Profile
Topography
Differential leveling - ANSWER- Finding the difference in elevation between 2
points
, Profile - ANSWER- Determining the elevation fo points at measured distances
along a selected line
Topography - ANSWER- Determining the elevation of spaced grid points, use
contour lines to show hills, valleys, slopes
Benchmark (BM) - ANSWER- Known point of elevation (reference point)
Backsight (BS) - ANSWER- This is added to the BM elevation to get HI
HI - ANSWER- Height of instrument
Foresight (FS) - ANSWER- -Differential leveling: only one FS for each instrument
- profile & topographic :may make many FS per set up
- FS is subtracted from HI to find the elevation of the point
turning point (TP) - ANSWER- Temporary benchmark, where FS & BS rod reading
are taken
Notebook layout - ANSWER- 6 columns
-STA
-BS
-HI
-FS
-Elev.
- Notes: length of site, drawing, sketch, date, time, weather (right side of
notebook)
HI - ANSWER- BM elev + BS
TP elev + BS
TP elevation - ANSWER- HI - FS
Accuracy for differential leveling depends on: - ANSWER- -Centering the bubble
-keep the rod vertical
-equal sights for BS & FS
-length of sight
-ensure reading of correct foot mark
Types of levels - ANSWER- Dumpy
Self compensating
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