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Adult 1 Exam 1 UTMB with complete solutions.
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Virulence Ability of pathogen to invade and injure host (ability to produce disease) non-specific (innate) immunity first line of defense against invasion by pathogens Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:01 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower ...

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  • September 7, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • adult 1 exam 1 utmb with complete solutions

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Adult 1 Exam 1 UTMB with complete
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Virulence - ANSWER- Ability of pathogen to invade and injure host (ability to
produce disease)

non-specific (innate) immunity - ANSWER- first line of defense against invasion
by pathogens

specific adaptive immunity - ANSWER- allows the body to make antibodies in
response to a foreign organism (antigen)

Prevention of HAI - ANSWER- 1. Hand washing
2. Sterile procedure
3. Skin integrity

Types of Healthcare Associated Infections - ANSWER- Iatrogenic infection
exogenous infection
endogenous infection

Iantrogenic (HAI) - ANSWER- results from diagnostic procedure

Exogenous (HAI) - ANSWER- from microorganisms outside the body

Endogenous (HAI) - ANSWER- overgrowth of natural flora (opportunistic)

Who is at risk for infection? - ANSWER- Immunocompromised
Post operative
Indwelling device
Break in the skin
impaired circulation

,chronic disease
crowded environments
older adults
poor life choices

Common HAI infection routes - ANSWER- 1. Surgical or trauma wound
2. Urinary
3. resp. Tract
4. bloodstream

Chain of Infection - ANSWER- 1. Infectious agent
2. Reservoirs - where does the infectious agent reside
3. Portal of exit - how does pathogen leave the body (sneeze/cough)
4. Means of transmission - how exposed to another person
5. Portal of entry - how does pathogen enter a new host
6. Susceptible host - person at risk for developing infection

Means of transmission - ANSWER- 1. Contact (Direct or indirect)
2. Droplet (sneeze, cough, talking), large particles
3. Airborne (cough, sneeze, exhaling), small particles suspended in air
4. Vector (animals/insects)

Stages of Infection - ANSWER- 1. Incubation - the time between pathogen enters
the body and first symptoms
2. Prodromal - General symptoms appear pathogen is multiplying (nonspecific
like fatigue)
3. Illness - specific symptoms of pathogen appear (ex: strep = sore throat)
4. Convalescence - symptoms are gone, recovery lasts days to months

Infection control - ANSWER- Patient safety
Separate personal care items
Handling solid and fluid waste
Wound cleaning
Patient education
Cough etiquette
isolation and isolation precautions
surgical asepsis

Devices at risk for infection (HAI) - ANSWER- -Catheter - avoid if possible, remove
as soon as possible
-IV - can be left in 72 hrs max

, Nursing Process of Infection
1. Assessment - ANSWER- -Review of systems
-Travel hist. And immunizations
-Early recog. Of risk factors
-Patient susceptibility to infection
-Current medical therapy
-Clinical appearance of patient
-Signs and symptoms of infection
-Lab data (WBC, ESR, CRP), WBC 15,000-20,000 definite infection

Nursing Process of Infection
2.Planning - ANSWER- -Goals and outcomes
(Prevent exposure to pathogens,
Control/reduce current infection, &
Maintain resistance to new infection)
-Verbalize understanding of infection prevention - teach client
-Teamwork and collaboration - use teamwork to work towards goals

Nursing Process of Infection
3.Implementation - ANSWER- -Health promotion - preventing an infection (use
med/surg asepsis)
-Acute care - eliminate pathogens and support immune defenses

Nursing Process of Infection
4. Evaluation - ANSWER- -what was success of infection control technique?
-See through patients eyes, have their expectations been met?
-Patient outcomes
(Measure success of infection control,
Compare patient's outcomes to expected outcomes,
If goals not achieved, what next steps must be taken?)

Medical asepsis (also called clean technique) - ANSWER- hand washing,
elimination pathogens

Surgical asepsis (also called sterile technique) - ANSWER- Maintain lack of
pathogens (already steril)

Infection Prevention techniques - ANSWER- -Patient safety
(Separate care items,
Handling solid and fluid waste,

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