ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- UTMB 5355 EXAM -1 with complete solutions
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Course
Pathophysiology
Institution
Pathophysiology
Transcription
synthesis of RNA from DNA
Transcription results in
mRNA
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RNA polymerase makes
mRNA
mRNA
makes proteins
RNA polymerase
binds to...
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-
UTMB 5355 EXAM #1 with complete
solutions
Transcription - ANSWER- synthesis of RNA from DNA
Transcription results in - ANSWER- mRNA
RNA polymerase makes - ANSWER- mRNA
mRNA - ANSWER- makes proteins
RNA polymerase - ANSWER- binds to DNA
Transcription factors (TFs) - ANSWER- A regulatory protein that binds to DNA
and affects transcription of specific genes. Can wither activate or repress
expression of genes
Termination of transcription - ANSWER- RNA polymerase reaches a terminator
sequence (Stop codon) and detaches from the template
Translation - ANSWER- Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is
produced. Protein assembly
Translation takes place in the - ANSWER- cytoplasm
Codon - ANSWER- A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of DNA or RNA
that provides genetic code information for a amino acid
Amino acids are - ANSWER- building blocks of proteins
,tRNA - ANSWER- An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between
nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and
recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
Codons allow - ANSWER- for DNA and RNA to communicate
Gene Regulation - ANSWER- the process of turning genes on and off
Gene Regulation occurs - ANSWER- during transcription
Transcription factors (TFs) determine - ANSWER- amount of protein product
made
Nucleotide - ANSWER- DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogenous base
Mutation - ANSWER- permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence that affects
genetic information
germline mutation - ANSWER- happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all cells
somatic mutation - ANSWER- A mutation that occurs in the body cells from
spontaneous development. Cannot be inherited. Acquired
causes of mutations - ANSWER- • Incorrect copying of the DNA sequence/
Environmental
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
silent mutation - ANSWER- alters a base but does not change the amino acid
DNA is - ANSWER- master blueprint for human being
Gene - ANSWER- the basic unit of inheritance
DNA makes - ANSWER- proteins
Chromosomes - ANSWER- threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that
contain the genes
23 pairs of - ANSWER- chromosomes
, Allele - ANSWER- variant of a gene
A cell holds how many alleles of each gene? - ANSWER- 2, one from mom and
one from dad
Phenotype - ANSWER- An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Affected by environment
Genotype - ANSWER- genetic makeup of an organism
locus - ANSWER- Location of a gene on a chromosome
Homozygous - ANSWER- An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous - ANSWER- An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Recessive - ANSWER- trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant
form of a trait
Dominant - ANSWER- An allele that is always expressed
Carrier - ANSWER- A person whose genotype includes a gene with disease that is
not expressed in the phenotype.
Expresstivity - ANSWER- the degree to which a particular genotype is expressed
in the phenotype
Spontaneous mutations are - ANSWER- mutation that occurs within the body
cells and NOT the germline cells, caused by errors in DNA
Mutagen - ANSWER- chemical or physical agents in the environment that
increases frequency of mutations
Radiation is an example of what: - ANSWER- a mutagen
Anticipation - ANSWER- signs and symptoms of genetic condition tend to
become more severe and appear at an earlier age as the disorder is passed from
generation to generation
Huntington's disease is an example of - ANSWER- A disease affected by
anticipation
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