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Cardiac 3b NUR 376 (Chapters: 17, 18. Week 4) Questions With Complete Solutions
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Cardiac 3b NUR 376 (Chapters: 17, 18. Week 4) Questions With Complete Solutions
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Cardiac 3b NUR 376 (Chapters: 17, 18. Week 4) QuestionsWith Complete Solutions
Acute heart failure Correct Answers Describes rapid, sudden
development of HF that is caused by substantial ventricular
muscle injury. Cardiogenic shock occurs when there is
significant loss of the ventricles ability to pump blood and
maintain optimal BP, such as MI
Adrenergic stimulation Compensate for HF Correct Answers
Initially, LVF causes drop in arterial BP which stimulates
baroreceptors. Baroreceptors stimulate SNS. This causes
vasoconstriction of peripheral arteries. This acts as a
compensatory mechanism to raise BP, but it also increases
resistance within the arterial circulation
Afterload Correct Answers Amount of resistance that the
ventricle must overcome in order to pump blood out of the heart
Alert: Diminished perfusion of the kidney is particularly
significant in LVF; it stimulates the secretion of renin from the
juxtaglomerular apparatus of the nephron, which initiates the
cycling of RAAS Correct Answers
Alert: Hypokalemia, which increases the risk of cardiac
dysrhythmias, can occur in HF caused by the constant
stimulation of aldosterone Correct Answers
Box 17-1: African American males are more likely to develop
heart failure, and at an earlier age. Current research to target
,distinct pathological mechanisms of heart failure and HTN in
African Americans Correct Answers
Cardiac Contractility Correct Answers Myocardium's ability to
stretch and contract in response to the filling of the heart with
blood. For example, as preload increases, SV increases, and the
actin-myosin filaments in the heart wall stretch to accommodate
the increased volume (enhance contractility). Also influenced by
afterload, autonomic nervous system, acid-base balance, and
electrolytes.
Cardiac Output Correct Answers Amount of blood that the
heart pumps out of the left ventricle each minute
Formula: CO=HR X SV
HR: rate at which the heat beats
Stroke volume: Volume of blood pumped out of the ventricle
with each contraction
Cardiomyopathies Correct Answers Disease that targets the
heart muscle itself
Caused by damage to myocardium
Causes of valvular issues: arteriosclerotic calcification of heart
valves caused by aging Correct Answers aortic sclerosis:
caused by narrowed, calcified aortic valve
presents as new heart murmur in aged adult
Causes of valvular issues: MI Correct Answers papillary
muscles and chordae tendineae are ruptures
detaches valve leaflets from fixed positions on myocardial wall
become loose and do not close tightly
, allows backflow of blood into left atrium
Causes of valvular issues: myxomatous degeneration of mitral
valve leaflets Correct Answers mitral insufficiency and mitral
valve prolapse occur
genetic component - most are unaware of murmur until
adulthood
female predominance of MVP
Causes of valvular issues: Rheumatic Fever Correct Answers
untreated RF from strep throat and progress to RHD
doesn't become evident until adulthood
heart murmur diagnosed as incidental findings during exam
elderyl adults and those with untreated RF as kids may have
valvular dysfunction caused by RHD
antibiotics have decreased incidence of valvular dysfunction
caused by RF
Cerebral Correct Answers Less strength of left ventricle to
pump blood into arterial circulation = perfusion to brain
decreases
Symptoms: confusion, headache, memory loss, insomnia,
anxiety, disorientation
Chronic Heart Failure Correct Answers Heart gradually suffers
weakening over long period of time
Chronic hypertension Correct Answers Long term high arterial
pressure causes left ventricle hypertrophies. This requires
increased circulation from existing coronary artery supply.
Eventually, the coronary artery supply cannot sufficiently
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