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DAT Biology Exam Solved with Complete Verified Answers

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glycolysis - - exergonic bc releases ATP still does use ATP produce 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH transmission electron microscope (TEM) - - very magnified 2D image of single bacterial cell must be very thin CROSS-SECTION of cell must be DEAD scanning electron microscope - - 3D image of single b...

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  • September 7, 2024
  • 101
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • DAT Biology
  • DAT Biology
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KenAli
DAT Biology Exam Solved with
Complete Verified Answers

competitive inhibition - ✔✔- inhibitor competes directly with the reactant at the active
site - substrate takes the place of the reactant and prevents the reaction from occurring



cofactors - ✔✔- non-protein molecules that assist enzymes in carrying out their function

can be organic (coenzymes) or inorganic (e.g. metal ions)

binds tightly to an enzyme = prosthetic group.



noncompetitive inhibition - ✔✔when an inhibitor binds to the enzyme at a binding site other than
the active site and prevents the enzyme from catalyzing the reaction



clathrin - ✔✔- protein that coats and forms vesicles

- vesicle incorporation into cell membrane during exocytosis and endocytosis



nucleoid region - ✔✔- area within prokaryotic cells that contains its genetic material

irregularly shaped

typically contains the genome of a prokaryote in the form of a double-stranded, circular DNA molecule

region, not a membrane-bound organelle (in contrast to the eukaryotic nucleus)



teichoic acids - ✔✔- on the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria

provide cell wall rigidity

used as recognition and binding sites by bacterial viruses

,pili - ✔✔- cell adhesion (prelude to conjugation)

on bacteria

bridge to connect the "donor" bacteria (which contains the F plasmid that allows for pilus formation) to
a recipient bacteria --> allows for an exchange for genetic material and can introduce genetic variation =
conjugation



glycolysis - ✔✔- exergonic bc releases ATP

still does use ATP

produce 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH



transmission electron microscope (TEM) - ✔✔- very magnified

2D image of single bacterial cell

must be very thin CROSS-SECTION of cell

must be DEAD



scanning electron microscope - ✔✔- 3D image of single bacterial
cell - requires cells to be DEAD then stained



compound light microscope - ✔✔- stained with colored dye

- what you use in LAB (doesn't magnify enough to see chromosomes)



stereo microscope - ✔✔- LOW magnification

- observe surface of specimen



fluorescent microscope - ✔✔- colorful images by dying
specimen - LIVING observed



notochord - ✔✔- length of cartilage extending along the body, which will become the spine

, from mesoderm

defining trait of chordata



dorsal hollow nerve cord (neural tube) - ✔✔- becomes spinal cord



pharyngeal gill slits - ✔✔- becomes pharynx or gills



endostyle - ✔✔- produces mucus in filter-feeding species



4 main features of chordates - ✔✔1. notochord

protect soft spinal cord

precursor to vertebral column OR remain as cartilaginous structure



2. dorsal hollow nerve cord

- nerve bundle connecting brain with organs + appendages



3. pharyngeal gill slits

connect throat with neck

gills for some animals



4. muscular post-anal tail



nematoda - ✔✔- parasitic

outer layer = cuticle

ex. roundworms



mollusca - ✔✔- open circulatory system

, echinodermata - ✔✔- radial symmetry

open circulatory system

endoskeleton composed of calcium carbonate

invertebrates

coelemate

deuterostome

no specialized execretory system --> diffuse waste out

ex. starfish



platyhelmintes - ✔✔- incomplete digestive system

lack specialized nervous, circulatory, & respiratory systems

invertebrates

O2 & CO2 transport by diffusion

ex. flatworms



cnidaria - ✔✔- incomplete digestive system

- ex. jellyfish, sea anemone, corals



fungi cell wall - ✔✔- glucans

- chitin



bacteria cell wall - ✔✔- peptidoglycans



archaea cell wall - ✔✔- polysaccharides



passive immunity - ✔✔- transfer of antibodies from one person to
another - ex. breastfeeding

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