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DAT Biology Exam with Questions and 100% Correct Answers| Passed
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DAT Biology Exam with Questionsand 100% Correct Answers| Passed
menstrual cycle - ✔✔1. follicular phase: end of last flow, hypothalamus reseases GnRH
(gonadotropin-releasing hormone), stimulate release of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) from
anterior pituitary, follicle develops and produces estrogen
2. Ovulation: mature follicle bursts, releasing ovum, caused by surge in LH (luteinizing hormone)
caused by so much estrogen
3. Luteal phase: LH makes rupture follicle turn into corpus luteum, secretes more estrogen and
progesterone, which makes endometrium prepare for implantation of embryo - lots of estrogen and
progesterone inhibit GnRH, so inhibit others too
4. menstruation: if not fertilized, corpus luteum atrophies (dies), resulting drop in
progesterone/estrogen makes endometrium do the thing :c menses =menstrual flow
If fertilized, placenta produces hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin), maintains corpus luteum until
placenta does stuff
plant reproduction - ✔✔alternation of generation, evolution so sporophyte is dominant
haploid gametophyte makes gametes by mitosis, sporophyte makes haploid spore by meiosis
parts of a flower - ✔✔male: pollen on an anther sitting on a filament
female: pistil, parts are sticky stigma, style tube, ovary
endosperm - ✔✔plants: 1 sperm nuclei fuses with 2 polar bodies (now 3N) to provide food for
baby plant
asexual reproduction - ✔✔binary fission, budding, regeneration, parthenogenesis
,rhizomes - ✔✔aka stolons = woody underground stems
runners - ✔✔stems running above and along the ground
Mendel's First Law: Segregation (3) - ✔✔1. genes exist in alternate forms (alleles)
2. organism has 2 alleles, 1 from each parent
3. alleles segregate during meiosis, so gametes only carry 1 allele
4. dominant and recessive
testcross - ✔✔or backcross, where dom phenotype is crossed with phenotypically recessive to
figure out genotype
heterozygotic dihybrid cross, indpt traits - ✔✔9:3:3:1 phenotypically
incomplete v codominance - ✔✔incomplete dominance: phenotype is intermediate of 2 traits
codominance: multiple alleles exist, more than 1 is dominant so both expressed (like blood groups)
down syndrome - ✔✔trisomy 21
phenylketonuria (PKU) - ✔✔inability to produce proper enzyme for metabolizing amino
acid phenylalanine
sickle cell anemia - ✔✔defective hemoglobin, misshapen blood cells carrie less
oxygen caused by substitution (diff amino acid) in hemoglobin synth
purines - ✔✔adenine, guanine
pyrimidines - ✔✔cytosine, thymine
, which base pairing is triple bonded? - ✔✔G/C
monocistronic v polycistronic - ✔✔mono: 1 mRNA codes for 1 polypeptide
poly: 1 mRNA codes for more than 1 polypeptide
transcription - ✔✔initiation: RNA polymerase binds to TATA box on
promoter elongation:
termination: rho dependent and rho independent (hairpin loop)
in euks: remove introns (exons remain), 5' cap and polyA tail
replication - ✔✔initiation: (at oriC in proks) helicase unzips, gyrase untwists
elongation: RNA primer, DNA polymerase and okazaki fragments, ligase
termination: in prok topoisomerase separates
translation - ✔✔codons on mRNA correspond to anticodons on tRNA (aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
is enzyme)
ribosome EPA sites
translocation: ribosome andvances 3 nucleotides, add amino acid
termination codons - ✔✔UGA, UAG, UAA
episomes - ✔✔plasmids can be integrated into bacterial genome
3 genetic things bacteria do - ✔✔transformation: take up plasmid
conjugation: mating via conjugation bridge
transduction: bacteriophages take up a bit of shredded cell DNA, inject it into next host
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