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NR565 QUIZ WK1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NR565 QUIZ WK1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NR565 QUIZ WK1 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
Pharmacodynamics - Answer-is the study of how drugs affect the body
pharmacokinetics - Answer-is the study of how the body affects the drug.the study of
the way the body deals with the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of
drugs under investigation expressed in mathematical terms.
Absorption: - Answer-Absorption is the process whereby a substance entering the body
is assimilated by it. For proper pharmacokinetics study, it is necessary to know both the
rate and the extent to which the active substance or therapeutic moiety are absorbed.
They include substances intended to produce / not produce systematic effects.
Distribution: - Answer-Distribution is the dispersion or dissemination of substances
throughout the fluids and tissues of the body.
Metabolism: - Answer-Metabolism is the process whereby a substance is irreversibly
transformed into metabolites.
Excretion: - Answer-Sweat Excretion is the elimination of the substance from the body.
In rare cases, not all substances are eliminated; some drugs irreversibly accumulate in
a tissue in the body.
Agonist - Answer-A drug that binds to and activates a receptor. Can be full, partial or
inverse. A full agonist has high efficacy, producing a full response while occupying a
relatively low proportion of receptors. A partial agonist has lower efficacy than a full
agonist. It produces sub-maximal activation even when occupying the total receptor
population, therefore cannot produce the maximal response, irrespective of the
concentration applied. An inverse agonist produces an effect opposite to that of an
agonist, yet it binds to the same receptor binding-site as an agonist.
Antagonist - Answer-A drug that attenuates the effect of an agonist. Can be competitive
or non-competitive, each of which can be reversible or irreversible. A competitive
antagonist binds to the same site as the agonist but does not activate it, thus blocks the
agonist's action. A non-competitive antagonist binds to an allosteric (non-agonist) site
on the receptor to prevent activation of the receptor. A reversible antagonist binds non-
covalently to the receptor, therefore can be "washed out". An irreversible antagonist
binds covalently to the receptor and cannot be displaced by either competing ligands or
washing.
BMax - Answer-The maximum amount of drug or radioligand, usually expressed as
picomoles (pM) per mg protein, which can bind specifically to the receptors in a
membrane preparation. Can be used to measure the density of the receptor site in a
particular preparation.
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