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NSG 210 Metabolism/Nutrition Test Review
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
What happens to the endocrine system as you age (older population manifestations) -
answer✔✔dont produce as much estrogen (osteoporosis), metabolism slows down
(manifestations- adjust med dosages, lower body temp, more prone to obesity because of slowed
metabolsim), lower energy levels, poor nutrition, older people have an increase in ADH, so they
urinate more, more prone to dehydration (due to peeing more and not drinking as much)
why do older adults have a slower metabolism? - answer✔✔older adults can not heal as well
because they cannot tolerate glucose as well
what does the thyroid hormone control - answer✔✔metabolism
What is Grave's disease? (signs and symptoms - answer✔✔hyperthyroidism
S&S- nervousness, bulging eyes (exophthalmos), weight loss, cardiac dysrhythmias, increased
appetite, tremors, skin is flushed, heat intolerance, increase BP and HR
treatment for hyperthyroidism - answer✔✔thyroidectomy, radioactive 1311 therapy
meds: beta-blockers, sodium or potassium iodine solutions, dexamethasone, propylthiouracil and
methimazole
what to consider for patients after thyroidectomy? - answer✔✔airway patency, bleeding,
positioned in semi-flowers, be prepared for airway complications, increase in symptoms initially
(can also happen after radiation therapy), make sure pt can still talk, watch for low calcium and
phosphorous and tetany in case damage to the parathyroid gland
what stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones? - answer✔✔TSH secreted by the
anterior pituitary gland.
lab findings for hyperthyroidism - answer✔✔elevated TSH (if caused by pituitary), decreased
TSH (if problem is the thyroid gland), T3 and T4 would be increased
what is hypothyroidism - answer✔✔decrease in thyroid hormones, could be caused by thyroid
gland or pituitary, decrease in TSH, decrease in T3 and T4,
what happens if we dont treat hypothyroidism - answer✔✔poor development in children (failure
to thrive, intellectual disabilities), can also cause heart issues
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symptoms of hypothyroidism - answer✔✔cold intolerance, bradycardia, increased weight,
fatigue,
meds for hypothyroidism - answer✔✔levothyroxine, Synthroid (TSH)
What is myxedema coma - answer✔✔life threatening condition that occurs if hypothyroidism is
not treated, s&s hypothermic, coma, hypotension, severe bradycardia, decreased respirations,
hypoventilation, low O2 stats, lactic acid build up, hyponatremia and hypocalcemia
what is acromegaly - answer✔✔Rare condition resulting from excess secretion of growth
hormone (GH). almost always caused by tumors
whats the difference between acromegaly and gigantism - answer✔✔gigantism is before the
growth plates have closed/ before adolescence
acromegaly is after the growth plates have closed/ after adolescence
treatment for acromegaly - answer✔✔removal of tumor, growth hormone antagonist, lanreotide,
octreotide, somatostatin
How many parathyroid glands are there and where are they located? - answer✔✔4 and on the
posterior side of thyroid
what are the hormones produced by the parathyroid - answer✔✔parathyroid hormone which
regulates the calcium and phosphorous levels.
when calcium level decreases, phosphorous levels - answer✔✔increase
hypercalcemia - answer✔✔thyroid gland releases calcitonin which sends calcium to the bones,
kidneys, and intestines
hypocalcemia - answer✔✔thyroid gland releases calcitonin which sends calcium back into the
bloodstream, If too low, thyroid releases parathyroid hormone which absorbs calcium from
bones, intestines, and kidneys
What is diabetes insipidus? - answer✔✔a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which
causes excessive water loss. (s&s- excessive thirst, irritability, low blood pressure
how to treat diabetes insipidus - answer✔✔Desmopressin (synthetic ADH)
diagnostic test for diabetes insipidus - answer✔✔Fluid deprivation test -----> if they have DI,
they will continue to produce dilute urine, specific gravity will stay low
how long do you have to take desmopressin if you have diabetes insipidus - answer✔✔lifelong.
what part of our body helps coordinate the relationship between the endocrine and the nervous
system - answer✔✔hypothalamus helps link the nervous and endocrine systems together
