NURS307 MIDTERM- ALTERED CELLS AND GENETICS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

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NURS307 MIDTERM- ALTERED CELLS AND GENETICS EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
### Cell Injury and Adaptation Questions (Numbered with Multiple Choice)

1. **What is acromegaly?**
- A. Excessive growth hormone causing tissue shrinkage
- B. Excessive growth hormone causing hyperplasia (increased cell size)
- C. A condition of excessive growth hormone resulting in hyperplasia
- D. A condition where cells fail to adapt to stress

**Answer:** C. A condition of excessive growth hormone resulting in hyperplasia

2. **Which of the following are basic cellular functions?**
- A. Growth, division, and repair
- B. Transportation, secretion, respiration, communication, reproduction, ingestion
- C. Detoxification, secretion, growth, ingestion
- D. Regulation, reproduction, movement, secretion

**Answer:** B. Transportation, secretion, respiration, communication, reproduction, ingestion

3. **What is the general overview of altered cells and tissues?**
- A. Cells remain the same when stressed
- B. Cells adapt by changing in size, number, and structure or die
- C. Cells repair themselves under stress
- D. Cells always die when they are damaged

**Answer:** B. Cells adapt by changing in size, number, and structure or die

4. **What are examples of cellular adaptation?**
- A. Cellular death and mutation
- B. Physiologic and pathologic adaptation
- C. Hypertrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, metaplasia
- D. Normal and abnormal cell growth

**Answer:** C. Hypertrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia, dysplasia, metaplasia

5. **What is atrophy?**
- A. Increase in cell size
- B. Decrease in cell size

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- C. Increase in cell number
- D. Deranged cellular growth

**Answer:** B. Decrease in cell size

6. **What are common causes of atrophy?**
- A. Overuse of tissue and increased oxygen
- B. Reduced use of tissue, insufficient nutrition, aging
- C. Excessive use of tissue and cellular death
- D. Increase in blood flow and hormonal stimulation

**Answer:** B. Reduced use of tissue, insufficient nutrition, aging

7. **What is hypertrophy?**
- A. Decrease in the number of cells
- B. Increase in the number of cells
- C. Increase in the size of individual cells
- D. Decrease in the size of individual cells

**Answer:** C. Increase in the size of individual cells

8. **What is hyperplasia?**
- A. Increase in cell size
- B. Decrease in cell number
- C. Increase in cell number
- D. Deranged cell growth

**Answer:** C. Increase in cell number

9. **What are examples of breast tissue adaptations?**
- A. Puberty (hyperplasia), pregnancy (hypertrophy), menopause (atrophy)
- B. Menopause (hyperplasia), pregnancy (atrophy), puberty (dysplasia)
- C. Pregnancy (metaplasia), puberty (hypertrophy), menopause (dysplasia)
- D. Menopause (hypertrophy), puberty (dysplasia), pregnancy (atrophy)

**Answer:** A. Puberty (hyperplasia), pregnancy (hypertrophy), menopause (atrophy)

10. **What is metaplasia?**
- A. Abnormal increase in cell size
- B. Replacement of one mature cell type with another
- C. Decrease in the number of cells
- D. Increased cell division and growth