How are most drugs made today? - answer-Synthetically (in a lab)
Pharmacology - answer-the biomedical study of interaction of chemical substances with living systems, including cells, tissues, and organs
(study of drugs)
Drugs - answer-• substances or chemical agents that affect biologic ...
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology
How are most drugs made today? - answer-Synthetically (in a lab)
Pharmacology - answer-the biomedical study of interaction of chemical substances with
living systems, including cells, tissues, and organs
(study of drugs)
Drugs - answer-• substances or chemical agents that affect biologic or living systems
• alter normal processes either by stimulating or depressing the function of the cell
Synthetic - answer-man-made
Biologics - answer-agents naturally produced in animal cells, by microorganisms, or by
the body itself
examples: vaccines, blood and blood components, antibodies, and interferon
Alternative Drug Therapy - answer-includes herbs, vitamins, minerals, dietary
supplements and natural extracts
What are the five major subgroups of pharmacology? - answer-• pharmacokinetics
• pharmacodynamics
• pharmacotherapeutics
• pharmacogenetics
• toxicology
Pharmacokinetics - answer-the way the body affects the drug
(ADME)
What does ADME mean? - answer-absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Pharmacodynamics - answer-the action a drug has on a specific target of action in the
body
Posology - answer-study of dosages of medicines and drugs
Therapeutics - answer-the branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of disease
• prevent
• diagnose
• treat
Pharmacotherapeutics - answer-study of the use of drugs in treating disease
Pharmacogenetics - answer-the study of the interrelation of hereditary constitution and
response to drugs
, Toxicology - answer-study of poisonous substances and their effects upon the body
Why should a dental hygienist be familiar with pharmacology? - answer-A majority of the
older adult population takes several drugs... meaning your patients could be taking
them.
What term refers to a patient taking multiple medications? - answer-Polypharmacy
Assessment in pharmacology - answer-assess all medication taken by your pt and
consider drugs that could be prescribed during tx, med history and med list should be
reviewed at each appt, disease risk assessment will include side effects of the meds
Planning in pharmacology - answer-the names, dosages, mechanisms of action, and
interactions with other drugs and herbal supplements are all critical
Implementation in pharmacology - answer-educational and therapeutic services require
knowledge of the prescription or OTC therapies available to the dental hygienist
Which is a better source of drug info, Wikipedia or Medline.com? - answer-Medline.com
Only reputable websites should be used
What started addiction to home remedies in the late 19th century? - answer-Codeine
FDA - answer-Food and Drug Administration
What does the FDA do? - answer-regulates the safety of foods, drugs, and cosmetics
Who's in charge of the drug facts on the labels of OTC items? - answer-FDA
T/F: all new drugs must undergo rigid studies in animals and humans before gaining
approval for use by the public - answer-True
What are the 4 stages of approval for drugs? - answer-1. Preclinical investigation
2. Clinical investigation
3. NDA review (new drug application)
4. Post marketing surveillance
Preclinical Investigation - answer-• before clinical studies are done on humans
• must be done on 2 species
• results must be submitted to the FDA before phase 1 of clinical trials
Clinical Investigation - answer-4 Phases
I) first time a drug is administered in a human - determines a proper and safe dose of the
drug
II) after safety is determined, another group with a specific disease are given the drug -
determines the common short term effects and risks
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