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Exam (elaborations)

PHCY 402 Exam 2 Study Guide

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PHCY 402 Exam 2 Study Guide ...

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  • September 7, 2024
  • 9
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • beta lactams moa
  • PHCY 402
  • PHCY 402
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Zayla
PHCY 402 Exam 2 Study
Guide
Beta-lactams: MOA - Answer inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

-inhibit transpeptidases (closely associated with penicillin-binding proteins)

-transpeptidases are the enzymes needed to cross-link peptidoglycan chains, and thus
prevent cell wall synthesis

-lesions on the cell wall lead to cell rupture

Beta-lacatams: bactericidal or bacteriostatic - Answer bactericidal

Beta-lactams: unique structure - Answer the chemical structure of the beta lactam ring

Beta lactams: mechanism of resistance - Answer 1) beta-lactamase production

2) modification of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)

3) reduced penetration of antibiotic to reach PBPs (less porins)

4) efflux pump

Penicillins: structure - Answer beta-lactam ring fused to a 5-sided ring

Penicillins: coverage - Answer not active against MRSA or atypicals

Pencillin DOC - Answer Tx for syphilis

Anti-staphylococcal penicillins DOC: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin - Answer Tx for
MMSA

-the R group blocks beta-lactamases

Aminopenicillins + a beta-lactamase inhibitor - Answer -ex: clavulanate, sulbactam

-added activity against MSSA and more resistant strains of G-bacteria

Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin) DOC - Answer Tx for otitis media

piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn) - Answer -only penicillin active against Pseudomonas

-broadest spectrum penicillin

Probenecid prevents - Answer penicillin from being secreted into the renal tubule for

, excretion in the urine, therefore increasing penicillin plasma levels and duration of
action

Penicillins: adverse effects - Answer hypersensitivity reactions, GI upset, rash,
hemolytic anemia, risk of seizures if accumulation occurs (depends on renal function)

Cephalosporins: structure - Answer beta-lactam ring fused to a 6-sided ring

Cephalosporins: coverage - Answer -generally, G- spectrum increases with generations

-not active against Enterococcus or atypicals

Cephalosporins: first gen coverage - Answer -G+ (streptococci, staphylococci, MSSA)

-PEK: some activity against G- rods (Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella)

Cephalosporins: second gen coverage - Answer -streptococci, more resistant S.
pneumoniae

-HNPEK: Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Neisseria

Cephalosporins: third gen coverage - Answer -Resistant S. pneumoniae, MSSA

-HENPECKS: Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Enterobacter,
Citrobacter, Serratia

Ceftazidime - Answer -3rd generation cephalosporin

-HENPECKS + PsA + A: Adds pseudomonas and Acinetobacter but loses streptococcus
and MSSA (lacks G+ activity)

Cephalosporins: fourth gen coverage - Answer -Cefepime

-HENPECKS + PsA + A and add back streptococcus and MSSA

Cephalosporins: fifth gen coverage - Answer Ceftaroline

-only beta-lactam that covers MRSA

-HENPECKS (adds MRSA but loses pseudomonas and acinetobacter)

Cephalosporin combos with beta-lactamase inhibitors add - Answer activity against
multi-drug resistant G- rods

Cefiderocol - Answer -used in MDR G-

-Siderophore binds free iron to enter G- cell wall

Cephalosporins: adverse effects - Answer -hypersensitivity reactions (some
cross-reactivity with penicillin allergy)

-GI upset, rash, hemolytic anemia

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