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ICT2622 Exam pack 2024(Object Oriented Analysis) Questions and answers $2.50
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ICT2622 Exam pack 2024(Object Oriented Analysis) Questions and answers

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  • Object Oriented Analysis
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  • University Of South Africa

ICT2622 Exam pack 2024(Object Oriented Analysis) Questions and answers With accurate answers and assurance that they are in the exam

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  • September 7, 2024
  • 108
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • ict2622

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  • University of South Africa
  • Object Oriented Analysis
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ICT2622 EXAM PACK
2024

QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
FOR ASSISTANCE CONTACT
EMAIL:

, lOMoARcPSD|31863004




Information system

 Information system is a set of computer components that collect, process, store, and provide all the information needed for business tasks.

Computer application?

 A computer application is a software program that executes on a computing device to carry out a specific function or a set of related functions.

What is the purpose of systems analysis? Why is it important?

 Just as a builder doesn’t start construction without plans, programmers don’t just sit and start writing program code.
 They need someone to function like an architect before writing to code and verifying that it satisfies the vision.
 The software architect has to be able to understand and capture the vision of the persons funding the project.
 This person is usually called the systems analyst.
 Some development teams distributed worldwide, you may only do part of the programming, the rest handled by teams around the world.
 In a distributed team situation, it is important to have written documents to assist in detailing the software application.

Systems analysis

 Systems analysis consists of those activities that enable a person to understand and specify what the new system should accomplish.
 Systems analysis is much more than a simple brief statement of the problem, it must track a myriad of details.
 Systems analysts describe in detail the “what” that a system must do to satisfy the need or to solve the problem.
 The objective is to understand the informational needs or requirements and to document those requirements in a set of specifications.
 Analysis tells us what the system needs to do.

Systems design

 Systems design consists of those activities that enable a person to describe in detail the system that solves the need, describing the “how”
 It specifies in detail all the components of the solution system and how they work together to provide the desired solution.
 The objective of software construction is to build a system that satisfies those requirements.
 System design, then, is the bridge that takes us from the requirements to solution.
 Design describes how the system will be configured and constructed.

Activities of systems analysis?

 Gather detailed information - systems analysts obtain information from people who will be using the system, by interviewing or watching them.
o They obtain additional information by reviewing planning documents and policy statements.
o Analysts also study existing systems, including their documentation.
o They also frequently obtain additional information by looking at what other companies have done when faced with a similar business need
o They tried to understand existing system by identifying and understanding the activities of all the current and future users
o They also identify all the present and future locations where work occurs and all the system interfaces with other systems.
 Define requirements - the analyst uses information gathered from users and documents to define requirements for the new system .
o System requirements include the functions the system must perform (functional requirements) and requirements for reliability, performance
and security (non-functional requirements ).
o Analyst creates models to record requirements, review the models with users, refine and expand the models to reflect information.
 Prioritise requirements - once the system requirements are understood, it’s important to establish which requirements are crucial for the system.
o Users suggest functions that are not essential. Users and analysts need to ask themselves which functions are important or not required .
o Unless the analysed evaluates priorities, system requirements tend to expand as users make more suggestions (scope creep).
o Requirements priorities also help to determine the numbers composition and ordering of project iterations .
o High priority requirements are incorporated into early project iterations so analysts have opportunity to refine those parts of the system .
o Also, a project with many high priority requirements will have many iterations, develop user interface dialogue with the user.
o User validation of an interface is much simpler and more reliable because the user can see and feel the system .
o To most users, the user interface is all that matters.
o Developing user interface dialogues is a powerful method of eliciting and documenting requirements.
o Analysts can develop user interfaces via abstract models, such as storyboards, where they can develop user interface prototypes.
o A prototype interface can service requirements and be a starting point for developing a portion of the system.
o Using interface prototypes developed in an early iteration can be expanded in later iterations to become a functioning part of the system.

, lOMoARcPSD|31863004




 Evaluate requirements with users – analysts use an iterative process to illicit user input, work alone, return to the user, refine the model.
o Prototypes of devices developed in paper models are inadequate as analysts need to prove their chosen technologies function as planned.
o If the system includes innovative technology, users need help visualising the possibilities available when defining what they require .
o Prototypes can fill that need .
o The process of eliciting requirements, building models and prototypes, and evaluating them with users may repeat many times.

What is a project?

 Initial development of a new project is usually done as a project.
 What this means is that the activities required to develop a new system are identified, planned, organised, and monitored.
 We can think of a project as a planned undertaking that has a beginning and an end and produces some definitive result.
 Some projects are very formal, whereas others are so informal that they can barely be recognised as projects.
 To manage a project with analysis, design, and other development activities, you need a project management framework as guidance

What are the six core processes of software systems development?

 There are many approaches to the SDLC and many variations for projects that have various needs.
 There is a core set of processes that is always required, even though there is also an incredible number of variations of these core processes.
 How each process is planned and executed and how the processes are combined into a project.
 Here are six core processes required in the development of any new application.
o identify the problem or need and obtain approval to proceed.
o Plan and monitor the project. What to do, how to do it, and who does it.
o Discover and understand the details of the problem or the need.
o Design the systems components that solve the problem or satisfy the need.
o Build, test and integrate systems components.
o Complete systems tests and then deploy the solution.
 There are many ways to implement these six core processes of the SDLC.
 An information systems development process is the actual approach used to develop a particular information system.

What is meant by Agile development?

 During the last 10 years, several new information systems development processes have been developed to enhance project success.
 One of the newer and more effective ones is called Agile development.
 The philosophy of agile development is that no one completely understand the problems and complexities of a new system.
 The project plan and the execution of the project must be responsive to unanticipated issues.
 It must be agile and flexible.
 It must have procedures in place to allow for, anticipate and even embrace changes and new requirements during the development process.

What is the purpose of a System Vision document?

 An SVD is developed to identify the benefits to the company and the functional capabilities that will be included in the system.
 This is done in two steps, developing a preliminary statement of benefits and then adding estimates of specific dollar costs and benefits.

What is the difference between a system and a subsystem?

 As is always the case, the list of systems capabilities provides the foundation information for determining the overall project plan.
 The first step is to divide the system into several subsystems or components.
 A subsystem is simply a portion of the overall system.
 Based on the list of systems capabilities, the project team will identify functional subsystems.
 A system or information system is the set of interrelated computer components that collects, processes, stores and provides output.

What is the purpose of a work breakdown structure?

 During the planning of the first iteration, the first step is to identify or attempt to identify all the individual tasks that need to be done.
 As these tasks are identified, they are compiled and organised.
 This organised list of tasks is called a work breakdown structure.
 Part of the effort is trying to estimate how long each task will last.

What are the components of a work breakdown structure? What does it show?

, lOMoARcPSD|31863004




 Work breakdown structure shows an organised list of the individual tasks that need to be done and estimate how long each task will take.
 The estimates include the time for the work, for discussion, and for reviewing the work breakdown structure for accuracy and correctness.
 All the tasks listed in the work breakdown structure are placed in a day-by-day sequence called a work sequence draft.

What information is provided by use cases or a use case diagram?

 A use case documents a single user triggered business event and the system’s response to that event.
 Eg a purchasing agent goes to a trade show and finds some lightweight jackets that will work well for the company’s fall merchandise offerings.
 Maybe the first task the purchasing agent needs to do is find out if the supplier has worked with them before.
 Thus, the business event that requires the tradeshow system might be “look up supplier”.
 Activities leading up to the event of using the system are important but we do not identify them as events until the tradeshow system is used.
 The project team will design a list of use cases, using multiple methods to identify the use cases, usually a brainstorming session.

What information is provided by a class diagram?

 Object classes are identified during discussions by looking for the nouns that describe categories of things.
 A class diagram illustrates which nouns have been determined to be fundamental object classes for the system.
 The attributes are descriptors that help define and describe an object class.
 The class diagram provides a list of object classes, designed to represent a visual diagram of the classes, their attributes, and their relationships
 Class diagrams are a powerful and frequently used way to understand and document the information requirements of a system.

How does use case diagram and a class diagram drive the system development process?

 It is important to note that the use cases help the project team organise its work.
 The team will develop a workflow for each use case to understand how it works and identify what screens and reports will be required
 A use case and class diagram can help simplify and give visual representations of how the data within the system is used.
 A use case diagram can show how each user can interact with the system
 A class diagram can show the attributes, class and relationships of the data within the system.

What is another way to describe an activity diagram? What does it show?

 One method of documenting the details of a use case is by developing a workflow diagram, which shows all the steps within the use case.
 The purpose is to document the interactions between the user and the system.
 To develop a workflow, a simple type of diagram called an activity diagram is used.
 It is is an illustration of what happens in a workflow, what activities can be done in parallel, and if there are other paths through the workflow.

How does an activity diagram help in user interface design?

 To develop a workflow diagram, an activity diagram is used.
 In a workflow diagram, the arrows represent the sequence of the flow.
 The columns in the workflow diagram represents who performs which task.
 The arrows that cross the centre line identify the data elements that become part of the user interface.
 User interface design includes all those tasks that describe the look and feel of the system to the user.
 As the user interface is the window that users work with to utilise the functionality of the system, the user interface is essentially the system.
 A well-designed user interface that is intuitive, easy to use, with a range of features to facilitate navigation, will enhance the utility of the system.

What is the purpose of architectural design?

 During architectural design, you determine the overall structure and form of the solution before trying to design the details.
 Once you have an overall structure and an overall approach for implementing the new system, you begin to drill down to the subsystem design.
 The subsystem is further divided into layers, a view layer and a model layer.
 An advantage of partitioning the system into layers is that the system is much easier to build and maintain with this kind of structure.

What new information is provided in a design class diagram (more than a class diagram)?

 A design class diagram (DCD) identifies the OOP classes that will be needed for the system.
 The set of design classes includes problem domain classes, view layer classes, sometimes separate data access classes, and utility classes.
 Problem domain classes are derived from classes that were identified during analysis activities hence the name: (user need) domain classes.
 The design classes include the class level variables that are needed for the class.
 The classes also show method names of the important methods within each class.
 These methods are identified and specified during high level design and detailed design.

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